Understanding Muscle Energetics in Locomotion: New Modeling and Experimental Approaches

Recent estimates of muscle energy consumption during locomotion, based on computational models and muscle blood flow measurements, demonstrate complex patterns of energy use across the gait cycle, which are further complicated when task demands change. A deeper understanding of muscle energetics in locomotion will benefit from efforts to more tightly integrate muscle-specific approaches with organismal measurements.

[1]  C. R. Taylor,et al.  Running in cheetahs, gazelles, and goats: energy cost and limb configuration. , 1974, The American journal of physiology.

[2]  T. McMahon,et al.  Energetic Cost of Generating Muscular Force During Running: A Comparison of Large and Small Animals , 1980 .

[3]  N. Heglund,et al.  Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. , 1982, Annual review of physiology.

[4]  N. Heglund,et al.  Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals. , 1982, The Journal of experimental biology.

[5]  C. R. Taylor,et al.  Relating mechanics and energetics during exercise. , 1994, Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine.

[6]  T. Cr Relating mechanics and energetics during exercise. , 1994 .

[7]  R. Waters,et al.  The energy expenditure of normal and pathologic gait. , 1999, Gait & posture.

[8]  A A Biewener,et al.  Muscle and Tendon Contributions to Force, Work, and Elastic Energy Savings: A Comparative Perspective , 2000, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[9]  Richard R Neptune,et al.  Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking. Part I: introduction to concepts, power transfer, dynamics and simulations. , 2002, Gait & posture.

[10]  Philip E. Martin,et al.  A Model of Human Muscle Energy Expenditure , 2003, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[11]  M. Pandy,et al.  A phenomenological model for estimating metabolic energy consumption in muscle contraction. , 2004, Journal of biomechanics.

[12]  N. Curtin,et al.  Contraction with shortening during stimulation or during relaxation: how do the energetic costs compare? , 1998, Journal of Muscle Research & Cell Motility.

[13]  T. Roberts,et al.  Mechanical function of two ankle extensors in wild turkeys: shifts from energy production to energy absorption during incline versus decline running , 2004, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[14]  R. Marsh,et al.  Partitioning the Energetics of Walking and Running: Swinging the Limbs Is Expensive , 2004, Science.

[15]  Jonas Rubenson,et al.  Gait selection in the ostrich: mechanical and metabolic characteristics of walking and running with and without an aerial phase , 2004, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[16]  G. Lichtwark,et al.  A modified Hill muscle model that predicts muscle power output and efficiency during sinusoidal length changes , 2005, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[17]  H. Pontzer A new model predicting locomotor cost from limb length via force production , 2005, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[18]  P. Komi,et al.  Muscle-tendon interaction and elastic energy usage in human walking. , 2005, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  J. Donelan,et al.  Mechanics and energetics of swinging the human leg , 2005, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[20]  Andy Ruina,et al.  Energetic Consequences of Walking Like an Inverted Pendulum: Step-to-Step Transitions , 2005, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[21]  Thomas J Roberts,et al.  Sources of mechanical power for uphill running in humans , 2005, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[22]  Cindy I Buchanan,et al.  Blood flow in guinea fowl Numida meleagris as an indicator of energy expenditure by individual muscles during walking and running , 2005, The Journal of physiology.

[23]  R. Kram,et al.  Energy cost and muscular activity required for leg swing during walking. , 2005, Journal of applied physiology.

[24]  R. Marsh,et al.  The energetic costs of trunk and distal-limb loading during walking and running in guinea fowl Numida meleagris , 2006, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[25]  R. Marsh,et al.  The cost of running uphill: linking organismal and muscle energy use in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) , 2006, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[26]  R. Marsh,et al.  Partitioning locomotor energy use among and within muscles Muscle blood flow as a measure of muscle oxygen consumption , 2006, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[27]  Philip E. Martin,et al.  Muscle fiber type effects on energetically optimal cadences in cycling. , 2006, Journal of biomechanics.

[28]  Philip E. Martin,et al.  Mechanical power and efficiency of level walking with different stride rates , 2007, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[29]  Alan M. Wilson,et al.  Is Achilles tendon compliance optimised for maximum muscle efficiency during locomotion? , 2007, Journal of biomechanics.

[30]  Jonas Rubenson,et al.  Reappraisal of the comparative cost of human locomotion using gait-specific allometric analyses , 2007, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[31]  Richard R Neptune,et al.  Forward Dynamics Simulations Provide Insight Into Muscle Mechanical Work During Human Locomotion , 2009, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[32]  Daniel P Ferris,et al.  It Pays to Have a Spring in Your Step , 2009, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[33]  Jonas Rubenson,et al.  Mechanical efficiency of limb swing during walking and running in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). , 2009, Journal of applied physiology.

[34]  B. R. Umberger,et al.  Stance and swing phase costs in human walking , 2010, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[35]  Jonas Rubenson,et al.  Adaptations for economical bipedal running: the effect of limb structure on three-dimensional joint mechanics , 2011, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[36]  Todd C. Pataky,et al.  Evolutionary Robotic Approaches in Primate Gait Analysis , 2010, International Journal of Primatology.