National Estimate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release to U.S. Municipal Landfill Leachate.

Landfills are the final stage in the life cycle of many products containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their presence has been reported in landfill leachate. The concentrations of 70 PFASs in 95 samples of leachate were measured in a survey of U.S. landfills of varying climates and waste ages. National release of PFASs was estimated by coupling measured concentrations for the 19 PFASs where more than 50% of samples had quantifiable concentrations, with climate-specific estimates of annual leachate volumes. For 2013, the total volume of leachate generated in the U.S. was estimated to be 61.1 million m3, with 79% of this volume coming from landfills in wet climates (>75 cm/yr precipitation) that contain 47% of U.S. solid waste. The mass of measured PFASs from U.S. landfill leachate to wastewater treatment plants was estimated to be between 563 and 638 kg for 2013. In the majority of landfill leachate samples, 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FTCA) was dominant and variations in concentrations with waste age affected total estimated mass. There were six PFASs that demonstrated significantly higher concentrations in leachate from younger waste compared to older waste and six PFAS demonstrated significant variation with climate.

[1]  M. Barlaz,et al.  Release of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) from Carpet and Clothing in Model Anaerobic Landfill Reactors. , 2016, Environmental science & technology.

[2]  I. Cozzarelli,et al.  Landfill leachate as a mirror of today's disposable society: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in final leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States , 2016, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[3]  Jon T Powell,et al.  Estimates of solid waste disposal rates and reduction targets for landfill gas emissions , 2016 .

[4]  T. Knepper,et al.  Investigations on the presence and behavior of precursors to perfluoroalkyl substances in the environment as a preparation of regulatory measures , 2016 .

[5]  T. Knepper,et al.  High Resolution Mass Spectrometry of Polyfluorinated Polyether-Based Formulation , 2015, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[6]  Imma Ferrer,et al.  Identification of Novel Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (PFECAs) and Sulfonic Acids (PFESAs) in Natural Waters Using Accurate Mass Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS). , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[7]  I. Cousins,et al.  Perfluoroalkyl acids in municipal landfill leachates from China: Occurrence, fate during leachate treatment and potential impact on groundwater. , 2015, The Science of the total environment.

[8]  M. Barlaz,et al.  Physical and Biological Release of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) from Municipal Solid Waste in Anaerobic Model Landfill Reactors. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[9]  S. Masunaga,et al.  Survey of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and their precursors present in Japanese consumer products. , 2015, Chemosphere.

[10]  Dominik Fiedler,et al.  Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products , 2015, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[11]  I. Cousins,et al.  fromChina : Occurrence , fate during leachate treatment and potential impact on groundwater , 2015 .

[12]  Morton A Barlaz,et al.  Orthogonal zirconium diol/C18 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of poly and perfluoroalkyl substances in landfill leachate. , 2014, Journal of chromatography. A.

[13]  M. Kim,et al.  Parameters affecting the formation of perfluoroalkyl acids during wastewater treatment. , 2014, Journal of hazardous materials.

[14]  Xiaoxia Lu,et al.  6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol anaerobic biotransformation in digester sludge from a WWTP under methanogenic conditions. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[15]  Roland Weber,et al.  PFOS and PFC releases and associated pollution from a PFC production plant in Minnesota (USA) , 2013, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[16]  Jonathan P Benskin,et al.  Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in landfill leachate: patterns, time trends, and sources. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[17]  Krista L Greene,et al.  A review of national municipal solid waste generation assessments in the USA , 2012, Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA.

[18]  J. Grace,et al.  Occurrence of PFCs and PBDEs in Landfill Leachates from Across Canada , 2012, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.

[19]  James Franklin,et al.  Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment: Terminology, Classification, and Origins , 2011, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[20]  S. Nakayama,et al.  Application of WWTP biosolids and resulting perfluorinated compound contamination of surface and well water in Decatur, Alabama, USA. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[21]  Morton A Barlaz,et al.  Quantitative determination of fluorochemicals in municipal landfill leachates. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[22]  Xenia Trier,et al.  Polyfluorinated surfactants (PFS) in paper and board coatings for food packaging , 2011, Environmental science and pollution research international.

[23]  Jan Busch,et al.  Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in landfill leachates. , 2010, Environmental pollution.

[24]  Kurunthachalam Kannan,et al.  Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and perfluorocarboxylates in two wastewater treatment facilities in Kentucky and Georgia. , 2007, Water research.

[25]  Jennifer A Field,et al.  Fluorochemical mass flows in a municipal wastewater treatment facility. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[26]  Richard G Luthy,et al.  Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[27]  Eric R. Ziegel,et al.  Statistical Methods for Detection and Quantification of Environmental Contamination , 2003, Technometrics.

[28]  Robert Steuteville,et al.  The state of garbage in America , 1995 .