Optimized maximum voluntary exertion protocol for normalizing shoulder muscle activity

Abstract Muscle activity is typically normalized to maximal activation from isometric maximum voluntary exertions (MVE) in posture and direction specific exertions for each muscle. This is challenging for the shoulder complex due to the large number of muscles. The objective of this investigation was to compare maximum shoulder muscle activity elicited from a multi-muscle MVE test protocol versus individual muscle MVE tests and determine their reliability. Ten healthy males had muscle activity recorded from 12 trunk and upper extremity muscles while performing 3 repetitions of 12 individual and 4 multi-muscle MVEs. Peak surface EMG (sEMG) amplitudes were compared using paired sample t-tests between the two protocols for each muscle. Individual muscle test maximum sEMG amplitudes differed significantly from the multi-muscle test protocol in 3 of 12 muscles (p < 0.05). In muscles that did not attain statistical significance, maximum amplitude differences of 6–15% were found. There was high reliability (Interclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC = 0.831–0.986) and no significant differences between the second and third repetitions of the protocol. Since differences of 6–15% could have functional significance, 8 MVE tests (3 multi-muscle, 5 individual muscle) were selected for future use. Using two repetitions of the reduced MVE protocol will reduce time, risk of pain and injury during experiments.