Relationship between measures of working memory capacity and the time course of short-term memory retrieval and interference resolution.

The response-signal speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT) procedure was used to investigate the relationship between measures of working memory capacity and the time course of short-term item recognition. High- and low-span participants studied sequentially presented 6-item lists, immediately followed by a recognition probe. Analyses of composite list and serial position SAT functions found no differences in retrieval speed between the 2 span groups. Overall accuracy was higher for high spans than low spans, with more pronounced differences for earlier serial positions. Analysis of false alarms to recent negatives (lures from the previous study list) revealed no differences in the timing or magnitude of early false alarms, thought to reflect familiarity-based judgments. However, analyses of false alarms later in retrieval indicated that recollective information accrues more slowly for low spans, which suggests that recollective information may also contribute less to judgments concerning studied items for low-span participants. These findings can provide an explanation for the greater susceptibility of low spans to interference.

[1]  Clayton E. Curtis,et al.  The Medial Temporal Lobe and the Left Inferior Prefrontal Cortex Jointly Support Interference Resolution in Verbal Working Memory , 2009, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[2]  Clayton E. Curtis,et al.  Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution in Prefrontal Cortex , 2009 .

[3]  Jeffrey N. Rouder,et al.  Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis , 2009, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[4]  Lila Davachi,et al.  Working Memory Retrieval: Contributions of the Left Prefrontal Cortex, the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex, and the Hippocampus , 2009, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[5]  B. McElree,et al.  A content-addressable pointer mechanism underlies comprehension of verb-phrase ellipsis , 2008 .

[6]  Brian McElree,et al.  Proactive Interference Slows Recognition by Eliminating Fast Assessments of Familiarity. , 2007 .

[7]  Stephani Foraker,et al.  The role of prominence in pronoun resolution: Active versus passive representations , 2007 .

[8]  Giulio Tononi,et al.  Direct evidence for a prefrontal contribution to the control of proactive interference in verbal working memory , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[9]  J. Jonides,et al.  Brain mechanisms of proactive interference in working memory , 2006, Neuroscience.

[10]  David Badre,et al.  Frontal lobe mechanisms that resolve proactive interference. , 2005, Cerebral cortex.

[11]  Michael F. Bunting,et al.  Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide , 2005, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[12]  Charan Ranganath,et al.  Effects of Unilateral Prefrontal Lesions on Familiarity, Recollection, and Source Memory , 2005, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[13]  Richard P. Heitz,et al.  An automated version of the operation span task , 2005, Behavior research methods.

[14]  K. Oberauer.  Binding and inhibition in working memory: individual and age differences in short-term recognition. , 2005, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[15]  L. F. Barrett,et al.  Individual differences in working memory capacity and dual-process theories of the mind. , 2004, Psychological bulletin.

[16]  Katherine A. Rawson,et al.  Category Norms: An Updated and Expanded Version of the Battig and Montague (1969) Norms. , 2004 .

[17]  Anthony D Wagner,et al.  Memory orientation and success: separable neurocognitive components underlying episodic recognition , 2003, Neuropsychologia.

[18]  John Jonides,et al.  Dissociable neural mechanisms underlying response-based and familiarity-based conflict in working memory , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  S. Trehub.  The developmental origins of musicality , 2003, Nature Neuroscience.

[20]  Marisa Carrasco,et al.  Speed of visual processing increases with eccentricity , 2003, Nature Neuroscience.

[21]  R. Engle,et al.  Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: the contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference. , 2003, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[22]  R. Engle,et al.  The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective , 2002, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[23]  Robert T. Knight,et al.  Effects of frontal lobe damage on interference effects in working memory , 2002, Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience.

[24]  A. Yonelinas.  The Nature of Recollection and Familiarity: A Review of 30 Years of Research , 2002 .

[25]  Andrew R. A. Conway,et al.  A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[26]  Michael F. Bunting,et al.  The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity , 2001, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[27]  B. McElree,et al.  Working memory and focal attention. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[28]  R. Bjork,et al.  On the relationship between recognition speed and accuracy for words rehearsed via rote versus elaborative rehearsal. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[29]  R. Engle,et al.  Working-memory capacity, proactive interference, and divided attention: limits on long-term memory retrieval. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[30]  M. Carrasco,et al.  The temporal dynamics of visual search: evidence for parallel processing in feature and conjunction searches. , 1999, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[31]  E E Smith,et al.  The neural substrate and temporal dynamics of interference effects in working memory as revealed by event-related functional MRI. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  L L Jacoby,et al.  Isolating the contributions of familiarity and source information to item recognition: a time course analysis. , 1999, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[33]  A. Miyake,et al.  Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control , 1999 .

[34]  J. Jonides,et al.  Inhibition in verbal working memory revealed by brain activation. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  David A. Caulton,et al.  Retrieval dynamics in recognition and list discrimination: Further evidence of separate processes of familiarity and recall , 1998, Memory & cognition.

[36]  B. McElree,et al.  Attended and Non-Attended States in Working Memory: Accessing Categorized Structures , 1998 .

[37]  R. Engle,et al.  The role of working memory capacity in retrieval. , 1997, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[38]  M. B. Edwards,et al.  Comparison of the retrieval of item versus spatial position information , 1997 .

[39]  Brian McElree,et al.  Accessing short-term memory with semantic and phonological information: A time-course analysis , 1996, Memory & cognition.

[40]  Tim Curran,et al.  Retrieval dynamics of recognition and frequency judgments: Evidence for separate processes of familiarity and recall. , 1994 .

[41]  B. Dosher,et al.  Serial Retrieval Processes in the Recovery of Order Information , 1993 .

[42]  L. Jacoby.  A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory , 1991 .

[43]  B. Dosher,et al.  Serial position and set size in short-term memory: The time course of recognition , 1989 .

[44]  J. G. Snodgrass,et al.  Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: applications to dementia and amnesia. , 1988, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[45]  D. Stuss,et al.  The Frontal Lobes , 1986 .

[46]  Barbara Anne Dosher,et al.  The effects of delay and interference: A speed-accuracy study , 1981, Cognitive Psychology.

[47]  Albert T. Corbett,et al.  Priming and Retrieval from Short-Term Memory: A Speed Accuracy Trade-Off Analysis , 1980 .

[48]  Roger Ratcliff,et al.  A note on modeling accumulation of information when the rate of accumulation changes over time , 1980 .

[49]  S. Monsell.  Recency, immediate recognition memory, and reaction time , 1978, Cognitive Psychology.

[50]  Roger Ratcliff,et al.  A Theory of Memory Retrieval. , 1978 .

[51]  Albert T. Corbett,et al.  Associative Interference and Retrieval Dynamics in Yes-No Recall and Recognition. , 1977 .

[52]  Wayne A. Wickelgren,et al.  Speed-accuracy tradeoff and information processing dynamics , 1977 .

[53]  Barbara Anne Dosher,et al.  The retrieval of sentences from memory: A speed-accuracy study , 1976, Cognitive Psychology.

[54]  A V Reed,et al.  Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off in Recognition Memory , 1973, Science.

[55]  B. Murdock.  A parallel-processing model for scanning , 1971 .

[56]  R. Engle,et al.  The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory. , 2007, Psychological review.

[57]  Brian McElree,et al.  Accessing Recent Events , 2006 .

[58]  René Zeelenberg,et al.  Nonword repetition priming in lexical decision reverses as a function of study task and speed stress. , 2004, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[59]  Stephani Foraker,et al.  Memory structures that subserve sentence comprehension , 2003 .

[60]  Peter K. Schott,et al.  Dynamics ∗ , 2003 .

[61]  M. Sacks.  Members of underrepresented groups: Reviewers for journal manuscripts wanted. , 2002 .

[62]  K Lamberts,et al.  A feature-sampling account of the time course of old-new recognition judgments. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[63]  Robert A. Koeppe,et al.  Age Differences in Behavior and PET Activation Reveal Differences in Interference Resolution in Verbal Working Memory , 2000, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[64]  R. Engle,et al.  Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex. , 1999 .

[65]  M. B. Edwards,et al.  Comparison of the retrieval of item versus spatial position information. , 1997, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[66]  M. Conway.  Handbook of perception and cognition , 1996 .

[67]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , 1980 .

[68]  Willis F. Overton,et al.  Advances in research and theory , 1977 .

[69]  L. Schoer,et al.  Individual differences in memory. , 1959 .