Olfactory function in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD): results from cross-sectional studies in IPD patients and long-term follow-up of de-novo IPD patients

Summary. Olfactory loss is a prominent symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Experiment 1 re-investigated the diagnostic value of psychophysical testing in the differentiation between idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) from non-IPD; 50 consecutive PS patients participated. In Experiment 2 five de-novo patients received 3 olfactory tests spread over a period of appoximately one year. Nineteen IPD patients were anosmic, and 18 were hyposmic. All but one patient with MSA and PSP had mild/moderate hyposmia. Normosmia was found in CBD/misdiagnosed PS/psychogenic movement disorder. In Experiment 2, one of the de-novo patients was normosmic, 3 hyposmic, and 1 anosmic. Follow up investigations indicated decreased olfactory function in 3 patients while it improved in one. The normosmic patient retained olfactory abilities. This patient failed to respond to pharmacological treatment. In summary, olfactory tests differentiate IPD from non-IPD. Furthermore, tests of olfactory function may also be of interest in investigations related to treatment of PS.

[1]  J Presthus,et al.  [The Parkinson syndrome]. , 1973, Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke.

[2]  R. Doty,et al.  Olfactory dysfunction in parkinsonism , 1988, Neurology.

[3]  N. Quinn,et al.  Multiple system atrophy--the nature of the beast. , 1989, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[4]  Ward Cd,et al.  Research diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. , 1990 .

[5]  D. Perl,et al.  Olfactory dysfunction in three neurodegenerative diseases. , 1991, Geriatrics.

[6]  A. Rajput,et al.  Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis in Parkinsonism — A Prospective Study , 1991, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[7]  J. Hughes,et al.  Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. , 1992, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[8]  C Adler,et al.  Olfactory function in Parkinson's disease subtypes , 1994, Neurology.

[9]  B. Shephard,et al.  Olfactory function in atypical parkinsonian syndromes , 1995, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[10]  Thomas Brandt,et al.  Neurological disorders : course and treatment , 1996 .

[11]  M. Hallett,et al.  Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) , 1996, Neurology.

[12]  T. Hummel,et al.  'Sniffin' sticks': olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. , 1997, Chemical senses.

[13]  T. Hummel,et al.  Chemosensory event-related potentials in response to trigeminal and olfactory stimulation in idiopathic Parkinson's disease , 1997, Neurology.

[14]  C. Hawkes,et al.  Olfactory Evoked Responses and Identification Tests in Neurological Disease , 1998, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[15]  S. Daniel,et al.  Commentary Qjm Is Parkinson's Disease a Primary Olfactory Disorder? , 2022 .

[16]  L. Klimek,et al.  Multicenter investigation of 1,036 subjects using a standardized method for the assessment of olfactory function combining tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds , 2000, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

[17]  D Bateman.  Neurological disorders: course and treatment. 2nd edition , 2003 .