Optimization-oriented adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy based on short-term demand power prediction for fuel cell hybrid vehicle

Abstract The fuel economy and battery charge sustaining capability are two key criteria for the energy management of a full-power fuel cell hybrid vehicle equipped with small-capacity battery pack. In order to achieve stable battery charge sustenance and near-optimal fuel consumption, this study proposes an optimization-oriented adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) based on demand power prediction achieved via an iterative predictor. The proposed strategy updates the optimal equivalent factor periodically via local optimization process according to the predicted power to converge the state of charge (SOC) and guarantee fuel economy. The simulation results show that the iterative predictor has considerable accuracy, and the correlation between the predicted data and the real data reaches up to 0.987. The proposed strategy can quickly recover the battery SOC within 40 seconds in a 500-second driving cycle, which is shorter than existing feedback-oriented A-ECMS. At charge sustaining stage, the proposed strategy maintains the battery SOC around the reference value with an extremely low fluctuation degree of 0.36. The equivalent fossil-fuel consumption of the proposed strategy is 8.003 L/100km, which is lower than that of existing A-ECMS. Besides, further investigation reveals that the proposed strategy has robust performance against the disturbance of power prediction errors.

[1]  Moonyong Lee,et al.  Design of Robust PID Controllers for Unstable Processes , 2006, 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference.

[2]  P. Pei,et al.  A method to study the intake consistency of the dual-stack polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system under dynamic operating conditions , 2018, Applied Energy.

[3]  Junqiang Xi,et al.  Real-Time Energy Management Strategy Based on Velocity Forecasts Using V2V and V2I Communications , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[4]  Luis M. Fernández,et al.  Viability study of a FC-battery-SC tramway controlled by equivalent consumption minimization strategy , 2012 .

[5]  Mohammed A. Hannan,et al.  Optimization of energy management system for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles: Issues and recommendations , 2018, Applied Energy.

[6]  Dongpu Cao,et al.  Data-driven approach for short-term power demand prediction of fuel cell hybrid vehicles , 2020 .

[7]  Lei Li,et al.  Convex programming energy management and components sizing of a plug-in fuel cell urban logistics vehicle , 2019, Journal of Power Sources.

[8]  Tao Zeng,et al.  Modelling and predicting energy consumption of a range extender fuel cell hybrid vehicle , 2018, Energy.

[9]  Soosan Rowshanzamir,et al.  Modelling and simulation of the steady-state and dynamic behaviour of a PEM fuel cell , 2010 .

[10]  Zhigang Zeng,et al.  A short-term power load forecasting model based on the generalized regression neural network with decreasing step fruit fly optimization algorithm , 2017, Neurocomputing.

[11]  Guoqiang Zhang,et al.  A solution to renewable hydrogen economy for fuel cell buses – A case study for Zhangjiakou in North China , 2020, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

[12]  Datong Qin,et al.  Research on a multi-objective hierarchical prediction energy management strategy for range extended fuel cell vehicles , 2019, Journal of Power Sources.

[13]  Yongping Hou,et al.  The analysis for the efficiency properties of the fuel cell engine , 2007 .

[14]  Vadlamani Ravi,et al.  Forecasting financial time series volatility using Particle Swarm Optimization trained Quantile Regression Neural Network , 2017, Appl. Soft Comput..

[15]  Youngjin Park,et al.  Optimal adaptation of equivalent factor of equivalent consumption minimization strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles under active state inequality constraints , 2014 .

[16]  Yogesh V. Hote,et al.  Design of PID Controller for Unstable System , 2011 .

[17]  Thierry-Marie Guerra,et al.  Equivalent consumption minimization strategy for parallel hybrid powertrains , 2002, Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367).

[18]  Zhihong Yu,et al.  An innovative optimal power allocation strategy for fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor hybrid electric vehicle , 2011 .

[19]  Azah Mohamed,et al.  A review on energy management system for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle: Issues and challenges , 2015 .

[20]  Karl-Heinz Hauer,et al.  Energy utilization and efficiency analysis for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles , 2006 .

[21]  Jin Huang,et al.  Energy management strategy for fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor hybrid vehicle based on fuzzy logic , 2012 .

[22]  Chee Wei Tan,et al.  Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies , 2017 .

[23]  Qi Li,et al.  A State Machine Control Based on Equivalent Consumption Minimization for Fuel Cell/ Supercapacitor Hybrid Tramway , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.

[24]  Hong Chen,et al.  Challenges and developments of automotive fuel cell hybrid power system and control , 2018, Science China Information Sciences.

[25]  Datong Qin,et al.  An Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Balance Principle , 2019, IEEE Access.

[26]  P. Pei,et al.  Degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under typical automotive operating conditions , 2020 .

[27]  Rajesh K. Ahluwalia,et al.  Direct hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle cost analysis: System and high-volume manufacturing description, validation, and outlook , 2018, Journal of Power Sources.

[28]  Ertuğrul Çam,et al.  Forecasting electricity consumption: A comparison of regression analysis, neural networks and least squares support vector machines , 2015 .

[29]  Jui-Sheng Chou,et al.  Forward Forecast of Stock Price Using Sliding-Window Metaheuristic-Optimized Machine-Learning Regression , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[30]  Jung-Ho Wee,et al.  Contribution of fuel cell systems to CO2 emission reduction in their application fields , 2010 .

[31]  Suk Won Cha,et al.  Fuel economy evaluation of fuel cell hybrid vehicles based on equivalent fuel consumption , 2012 .

[32]  Liangfei Xu,et al.  Real-Time Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Range Extender Vehicles Based on Nonlinear Control , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.

[33]  Jianqiu Li,et al.  Performance comparison of two fuel cell hybrid buses with different powertrain and energy management strategies , 2006 .

[34]  Simona Onori,et al.  Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2010 .

[35]  Thierry-Marie Guerra,et al.  Fuel-Cell Hybrid Powertrain: Toward Minimization of Hydrogen Consumption , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[36]  Ramon Costa-Castelló,et al.  Energy management strategy for fuel cell-supercapacitor hybrid vehicles based on prediction of energy demand , 2017 .

[37]  Yaqing Liu,et al.  Daily Activity Feature Selection in Smart Homes Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient , 2020, Neural Processing Letters.

[38]  Xiaofei Jin,et al.  Simulation research on a novel control strategy for fuel cell extended-range vehicles , 2019, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

[39]  Qi Li,et al.  Development of energy management system based on a power sharing strategy for a fuel cell-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway , 2015 .

[40]  Mohammad J. Mahjoob,et al.  Optimal energy management in a dual-storage fuel-cell hybrid vehicle using multi-dimensional dynamic programming , 2014 .

[41]  Omar Z. Sharaf,et al.  An overview of fuel cell technology: Fundamentals and applications , 2014 .

[42]  Zheng Chen,et al.  Energy management of a power-split plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on genetic algorithm and quadratic programming , 2014 .

[43]  Congxin Li,et al.  Modelling and control of vehicle integrated thermal management system of PEM fuel cell vehicle , 2020 .

[44]  Jianqiu Li,et al.  Multi-mode control strategy for fuel cell electric vehicles regarding fuel economy and durability , 2014 .

[45]  Qi Li,et al.  A state machine strategy based on droop control for an energy management system of PEMFC-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway , 2016 .

[46]  Jianguo Luo,et al.  Nonlinear noise reduction of chaotic time series based on multidimensional recurrent LS-SVM , 2008, Neurocomputing.

[47]  Liangfei Xu,et al.  Optimization for a fuel cell/battery/capacity tram with equivalent consumption minimization strategy , 2017 .

[48]  Bo Gu,et al.  An Adaptive Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management Based on Driving Pattern Recognition , 2006 .

[49]  Datong Qin,et al.  Minimum Energy Management Strategy of Equivalent Fuel Consumption of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Improved Global Optimization Equivalent Factor , 2019, Energies.

[50]  Datong Qin,et al.  Experimental Research on Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy Based on Traffic Information , 2019 .