Antibacterial activity of particulate bioglass against supra- and subgingival bacteria.

Particulate Bioglass is a bioactive material used in the repair of periodontal defects. This material undergoes a series of surface reactions in an aqueous environment which lead to osseointegration. The aim of this study was to determine whether these reactions exerted an antibacterial effect on a range of oral bacteria. Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus were suspended in nutrient broth (NB), artificial saliva (AS) or Dulbecco's modified eagle medium plus 10% foetal calf serum (DMEM + 10%FCS), with or without particulate Bioglass. All bacteria showed reduced viability following exposure to Bioglass in all the media after 1 h. This antibacterial effect increased after 3 h. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were suspended in either BM broth or 40% horse serum (HS) in RPMI. A considerable reduction in viability was observed with all bacteria tested, in both media, compared to inert glass controls. In further experiments it was found that the viability of S. sanguis was significantly reduced following exposure to NB pre-incubated with Bioglass. Additionally, it was found that neutralisation of this highly alkaline solution eliminated the antibacterial effect. Moreover, a solution of NB and NaOH (of equivalent pH) exerted an antibacterial effect of similar magnitude to that of the solution pre-incubated with Bioglass. Thus, particulate Bioglass exerts an antibacterial effect on certain oral bacteria, possibly by virtue of the alkaline nature of its surface reactions. This may reduce bacterial colonisation of its surface in vivo.

[1]  P. Kolenbrander,et al.  Adhere today, here tomorrow: oral bacterial adherence , 1993, Journal of bacteriology.

[2]  L. Hench Bioactive Ceramics: Theory and Clinical Applications , 1994 .

[3]  H. C. van der Mei,et al.  Physico-Chemical Interactions in Initial Microbial Adhesion and Relevance for Biofilm Formation , 1997, Advances in dental research.

[4]  V. Iacono,et al.  Antimicrobial susceptibility of periodontopathic bacteria associated with failing implants. , 1995, Journal of periodontology.

[5]  D. Greenspan,et al.  Effect of Surface Area to Volume Ratio on In Vitro Surface Reactions of Bioactive Glass Particulates , 1994 .

[6]  A. Gristina,et al.  Biomaterial-centered infection: microbial adhesion versus tissue integration. , 1987, Science.

[7]  Gregory P. Smith Here Today, Here Tomorrow , 2001 .

[8]  N. Lang,et al.  The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. , 1987, Oral microbiology and immunology.

[9]  E. Söderling,et al.  Antibacterial effects of a bioactive glass paste on oral microorganisms. , 1998, Acta odontologica Scandinavica.

[10]  R. Kent,et al.  Microbiota of health, gingivitis, and initial periodontitis. , 1998, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[11]  R. Srikantha,et al.  Enhanced bactericidal activity of Arm and Hammer Dental Care. , 1995, American journal of dentistry.

[12]  U Brägger,et al.  Particulate bioglass as a grafting material in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. , 1997, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[13]  L. Spångberg,et al.  Low surface tension calcium hydroxide solution is an effective antiseptic. , 1994, International endodontic journal.

[14]  R. Happonen,et al.  BIOACTIVE GLASSES: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS , 1993 .