Spatially Arrayed Long Period Gratings in Multicore Fiber by Programmable Electrical Arc Discharge

Based on electrical arc discharges mechanisms, we inscribed spatially arrayed long period gratings (LPGs) into a heterogeneous seven-core fiber. The LPG fabrication platform was built upon the commercial fiber fusion splicer with a self-developed real-time control software. With the help of homemade fan-in/fan-out multiplexer, the high-quality grating spectra in seven cores are measured. The largest resonant dip of −42 dB and minimum insertion loss of 0.5 dB are achieved in the central core. To demonstrate potentials of the spatially diversified gratings, we measured the strain and temperature simultaneously with the spatial response matrix to eliminate the cross sensitivity. Accurate sensing results have been achieved with relative errors less than 4%.

[1]  A. Vengsarkar,et al.  Optical fiber long-period grating sensors. , 1996, Optics letters.

[2]  G.M. Williams,et al.  Hybrid fiber Bragg grating/long period fiber grating sensor for strain/temperature discrimination , 1996, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[3]  N. S. Bergano,et al.  Long-period fiber-grating-based gain equalizers. , 1996, Optics letters.

[4]  Byoung Yoon Kim,et al.  Long-period fiber gratings based on periodic microbends. , 1999, Optics letters.

[5]  U. Paek,et al.  Induction of the refractive index change in B-doped optical fibers through relaxation of the mechanical stress , 2000 .

[6]  Ian Bennion,et al.  Sensitivity characteristics of long-period fiber gratings , 2002 .

[7]  I Bennion,et al.  Two-axis bend measurement with Bragg gratings in multicore optical fiber. , 2003, Optics letters.

[8]  Shizhuo Yin,et al.  Bend-insensitive ultra short long-period gratings by the electric arc method and their applications to harsh environment sensing and communication. , 2005, Optics express.

[9]  O. Ivanov,et al.  Origin of coupling to antisymmetric modes in arc-induced long-period fiber gratings. , 2007, Optics express.

[10]  J.L. Santos,et al.  Characterization of response of a dual resonance of an arc-induced long-period grating to various physical parameters , 2008, 2008 IEEE Sensors.

[11]  Yiping Wang,et al.  Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser , 2010 .

[12]  K. Takenaga,et al.  Reduction of crosstalk by trench-assisted multi-core fiber , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[13]  Thomas K Gaylord,et al.  Residual-stress relaxation and densification in CO2-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings. , 2012, Applied optics.

[14]  B Zhu,et al.  Cladding-pumped erbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier. , 2012, Optics express.

[15]  Nicoleta Dragomir,et al.  Refractive index profile changes caused by arc discharge in long-period fiber gratings fabricated by a point-by-point method. , 2012, Applied optics.

[16]  R. I. Mata-Chávez,et al.  Long Period Fiber Grating Produced by Arc Discharges , 2012 .

[17]  L. Nelson,et al.  Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres , 2013, Nature Photonics.

[18]  T. Tenderenda,et al.  Hole-assisted multicore optical fiber for next generation telecom transmission systems , 2014 .

[19]  Nick Cvetojevic,et al.  Demonstration of uniform multicore fiber Bragg gratings. , 2014, Optics express.

[20]  Lei Chen,et al.  Simultaneous strain and temperature measurement by cascading few-mode fiber and single-mode fiber long-period fiber gratings. , 2014, Applied optics.

[21]  Roger Haynes,et al.  Long period grating in multicore optical fiber: an ultra-sensitive vector bending sensor for low curvatures. , 2014, Optics letters.

[22]  Deming Liu,et al.  Long Period Grating in Multicore Fiber and Its Application for Measurement of Temperature and Strain , 2015 .

[23]  Agostino Iadicicco,et al.  Fabrication and Characterization of Long-Period Gratings in Hollow Core Fibers by Electric Arc Discharge , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[24]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Multicore-Fiber-Enabled WSDM Optical Access Network With Centralized Carrier Delivery and RSOA-Based Adaptive Modulation , 2015, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[25]  Ming Tang,et al.  Experimental demonstration of large capacity WSDM optical access network with multicore fibers and advanced modulation formats. , 2015, Optics express.

[26]  A M Rocha,et al.  Analysis of power transfer on multicore fibers with long-period gratings. , 2015, Optics letters.

[27]  C. Liao,et al.  Automatic arc discharge technology for inscribing long period fiber gratings. , 2016, Applied optics.

[28]  C. Colaço,et al.  Arc-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings in the Dispersion Turning Points , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[29]  Zhifang Wu,et al.  Fiber Bragg gratings in heterogeneous multicore fiber for directional bending sensing , 2016 .

[30]  Thomas K Gaylord,et al.  Arc-discharge effects on residual stress and refractive index in single-mode optical fibers. , 2016, Applied optics.

[31]  Taiji Sakamoto,et al.  Side-view based angle alignment technique for multi-core fiber , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[32]  Deming Liu,et al.  Spatial-Division Multiplexed Mach–Zehnder Interferometers in Heterogeneous Multicore Fiber for Multiparameter Measurement , 2016, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[33]  Libo Yuan,et al.  Modal Interferometer Using Three-Core Fiber for Simultaneous Measurement Strain and Temperature , 2016, IEEE Photonics Journal.