Book Review: Cortical Network Resonance and Motor Activity in Humans

Large areas of the human motor cortex are devoted to the control of the contralateral hand and forearm. Just how activities scattered across these motor areas may be brought together in the execution of a given movement remains unclear. There is increasing evidence, largely from animal studies, suggesting that sensory integration involves the synchronization of activity between spatially distributed cortical sites. Here we review recent evidence that cortical activity becomes oscillatory and synchronized between spatially distributed sites during performance of a movement in humans. Cortico-cortical synchronization may occur with a precision in the millisecond range, is essentially limited to those cortical elements active in a given task, and changes in both its distribution and frequency in a task-related manner. Synchronization at specific frequencies may therefore link disparate cortical activities into the functional ensembles underlying voluntary movement in humans.

[1]  M. Steriade,et al.  Fast (mainly 30–100 Hz) oscillations in the cat cerebellothalamic pathway and their synchronization with cortical potentials , 1997, The Journal of physiology.

[2]  R. Hassler,et al.  Arrest reaction, delayed inhibition and unusual gaze behavior resulting from stimulation of the putamen in awake, unrestrained cats. , 1967, Brain research.

[3]  Hiroshi Shibasaki,et al.  Electrocorticogram–electromyogram coherence during isometric contraction of hand muscle in human , 2000, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[4]  A. Vighetto,et al.  A selective imaging of tinnitus. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[5]  J. Rothwell,et al.  Cortical correlate of the Piper rhythm in humans. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[6]  P. Ashby,et al.  Organization of Cortical Activities Related to Movement in Humans , 2000, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[7]  E. Fetz,et al.  Oscillatory activity in sensorimotor cortex of awake monkeys: synchronization of local field potentials and relation to behavior. , 1996, Journal of neurophysiology.

[8]  R. Lesser,et al.  Functional mapping of human sensorimotor cortex with electrocorticographic spectral analysis. I. Alpha and beta event-related desynchronization. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[9]  Gerhard Dieckmann.  Cortical synchronized and desynchronized responses evoked by stimulation of the putamen and pallidum in cats. , 1968, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[10]  E. Olivier,et al.  Coherent oscillations in monkey motor cortex and hand muscle EMG show task‐dependent modulation , 1997, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  M. Schieber,et al.  Limited functional grouping of neurons in the motor cortex hand area during individuated finger movements: A cluster analysis. , 1999, Journal of neurophysiology.

[12]  J Tanji,et al.  Digit-muscle responses evoked from multiple intracortical foci in monkey precentral motor cortex. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[13]  P. Brown,et al.  Changes in the pattern of coherence between cortex and muscle in treated and untreated Parkinson's disease , 1999 .

[14]  E. Fetz,et al.  Coherent 25- to 35-Hz oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex of awake behaving monkeys. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys , 1996, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[16]  E. Capaldi,et al.  The organization of behavior. , 1992, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[17]  W A SHAFER,et al.  Electro-encephalography , 1941, Pennsylvania medical journal.

[18]  Eugene N. Bruce,et al.  Biomedical Signal Processing and Signal Modeling , 2000 .

[19]  L. White,et al.  Structure of the human sensorimotor system. I: Morphology and cytoarchitecture of the central sulcus. , 1997, Cerebral cortex.

[20]  J. Donoghue,et al.  Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex. , 1995, Science.

[21]  M. Schieber,et al.  How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area? , 1993, Science.

[22]  H. L. Andrews,et al.  ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY: III. NORMAL DIFFERENTIATION OF OCCIPITAL AND PRECENTRAL REGIONS IN MAN , 1938 .

[23]  B. Conway,et al.  Synchronization between motor cortex and spinal motoneuronal pool during the performance of a maintained motor task in man. , 1995, The Journal of physiology.

[24]  P. Brown.  Cortical drives to human muscle: the Piper and related rhythms , 2000, Progress in Neurobiology.

[25]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Evaluation of event-related desynchronization (ERD) preceding and following voluntary self-paced movement. , 1979, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[26]  J. Donoghue,et al.  Neural discharge and local field potential oscillations in primate motor cortex during voluntary movements. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[27]  W. Singer,et al.  Precisely Synchronized Oscillatory Firing Patterns Require Electroencephalographic Activation , 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[28]  John C. Rothwell,et al.  The cortical correlate of the Piper rhythm in man , 1998 .

[29]  C. Marsden,et al.  What do the basal ganglia do? , 1998, The Lancet.

[30]  R. Hari,et al.  Functional Segregation of Movement-Related Rhythmic Activity in the Human Brain , 1995, NeuroImage.

[31]  A Aertsen,et al.  Dynamic synchronization between multiple cortical motor areas and muscle activity in phasic voluntary movements. , 2000, Journal of neurophysiology.

[32]  H. Barlow.  The neuron doctrine in perception. , 1995 .

[33]  Eberhard E. Fetz,et al.  Effects of Input Synchrony on the Firing Rate of a Three-Conductance Cortical Neuron Model , 1994, Neural Computation.

[34]  P. Ashby,et al.  Coherence between cerebellar thalamus, cortex and muscle in man: cerebellar thalamus interactions. , 2000, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[35]  W. Singer,et al.  Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties , 1989, Nature.

[36]  W. Mackay,et al.  EEG rhythms of the sensorimotor region during hand movements. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[37]  L. Paninski,et al.  Information about movement direction obtained from synchronous activity of motor cortical neurons. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[38]  A. Aertsen,et al.  Spike synchronization and rate modulation differentially involved in motor cortical function. , 1997, Science.

[39]  J. Donoghue,et al.  Oscillations in local field potentials of the primate motor cortex during voluntary movement. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[40]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Human cortical 40 Hz rhythm is closely related to EMG rhythmicity , 1996, Neuroscience Letters.

[41]  R. Hari,et al.  Cortical control of human motoneuron firing during isometric contraction. , 1997, Journal of neurophysiology.

[42]  G. Chatrian,et al.  The blocking of the rolandic wicket rhythm and some central changes related to movement. , 1959, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[43]  W. Singer,et al.  Role of Reticular Activation in the Modulation of Intracortical Synchronization , 1996, Science.

[44]  F. Aokia,et al.  Increased gamma-range activity in human sensorimotor cortex during performance of visuomotor tasks , 1999 .

[45]  R. Hari,et al.  Rhythmical corticomotor communication. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[46]  N. A. Buchwald,et al.  The "caudate-spindle". III. Inhibition by high frequency stimulation of subcortical structures. , 1961, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[47]  R. Lemon,et al.  Human Cortical Muscle Coherence Is Directly Related to Specific Motor Parameters , 2000, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[48]  N. A. Buchwald,et al.  The "caudate-spindle". I. Electrophysiological properties. , 1961, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[49]  M. Hallett,et al.  Electroencephalographic analysis of cortico-muscular coherence: reference effect, volume conduction and generator mechanism , 1999, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[50]  R Hari,et al.  Non-impaired auditory phase locking in dyslexic adults. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[51]  Christa Neuper,et al.  40-Hz oscillations during motor behavior in man , 1993, Neuroscience Letters.

[52]  W. Singer.  Synchronization of cortical activity and its putative role in information processing and learning. , 1993, Annual review of physiology.

[53]  R. Traub,et al.  Neuronal networks for induced ‘40 Hz’ rhythms , 1996, Trends in Neurosciences.

[54]  E. Fetz,et al.  Synchronization of neurons during local field potential oscillations in sensorimotor cortex of awake monkeys. , 1996, Journal of neurophysiology.

[55]  R. Traub,et al.  A mechanism for generation of long-range synchronous fast oscillations in the cortex , 1996, Nature.

[56]  J. R. Rosenberg,et al.  Using electroencephalography to study functional coupling between cortical activity and electromyograms during voluntary contractions in humans , 1998, Neuroscience Letters.