Analysis and modification of the infinite foursquare array

The foursquare antenna array is a tightly coupled array originating from Virginia Tech. Past work has provided minor variation of the foursquare design to improve bandwidth while developing broader electromagnetic modeling techniques. Observation of most tightly coupled array designs suggest the need for higher overall capacitance at lower frequencies, although the elements are already closely spaced. We present a concept for tuning the input impedance in such infinite arrays and a circularly polarized design for further design work as a finite array.