The glnKamtB operon. A conserved gene pair in prokaryotes.

G.T. and M.M. were supported by EU Contract No. BIO4 CT 972310 and G.C. acknowledges a BBSRC studentship. We thank S. Austin, R. Dixon and G. Sawers for constructive comments on the manuscript.

[1]  R. Garrett,et al.  Sequence, organization, transcription and evolution of RNA polymerase subunit genes from the archaebacterial extreme halophiles Halobacterium halobium and Halococcus morrhuae. , 1989, Journal of molecular biology.

[2]  M. Merrick,et al.  The Signal Transduction Protein GlnK Is Required for NifL-Dependent Nitrogen Control of nif Gene Expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae , 1999, Journal of bacteriology.

[3]  M. R. Atkinson,et al.  The nitrogen-regulated Bacillus subtilis nrgAB operon encodes a membrane protein and a protein highly similar to the Escherichia coli glnB-encoded PII protein , 1994, Journal of bacteriology.

[4]  B. Snel,et al.  Conservation of gene order: a fingerprint of proteins that physically interact. , 1998, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[5]  H. M. Lee,et al.  A role for the signal transduction protein PII in the control of nitrate/nitrite uptake in a cyanobacterium , 1998, FEBS letters.

[6]  B. André,et al.  Cloning and expression of the MEP1 gene encoding an ammonium transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[7]  H. Mobley,et al.  Helicobacter pylori Glutamine Synthetase Lacks Features Associated with Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation , 1998, Infection and Immunity.

[8]  F. Dewhirst,et al.  Fused and Overlapping rpoB andrpoC Genes in Helicobacters, Campylobacters, and Related Bacteria , 1999, Journal of bacteriology.

[9]  B. Eikmanns,et al.  Functional and Genetic Characterization of the (Methyl)ammonium Uptake Carrier of Corynebacterium glutamicum(*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[10]  P. Bork,et al.  Measuring genome evolution. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  R. Huber,et al.  The complete genome of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus , 1998, Nature.

[12]  W. Pearson.  Empirical statistical estimates for sequence similarity searches. , 1998, Journal of molecular biology.

[13]  D. Eisenberg,et al.  Detecting protein function and protein-protein interactions from genome sequences. , 1999, Science.

[14]  P. Bork,et al.  Predicting functions from protein sequences—where are the bottlenecks? , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[15]  R. Edwards,et al.  Nitrogen control in bacteria. , 1995, Microbiological reviews.

[16]  R. Overbeek,et al.  The use of gene clusters to infer functional coupling. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  H. Hilbert,et al.  Comparative analysis of the genomes of the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[18]  G. Paul,et al.  Molecular Diversity and Evolution of blaTEM Genes Encoding β-Lactamases Resistant to Clavulanic Acid in Clinical E. coli , 1997, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[19]  W. Fitch.  Distinguishing homologous from analogous proteins. , 1970, Systematic zoology.

[20]  G. H. Luginbuhl,et al.  Simplified media for the growth of Haemophilus influenzae from clinical and normal flora sources. , 1979, Journal of general microbiology.

[21]  I. Beacham,et al.  Silent genes in bacteria: the previously designated 'cryptic' ilvHI locus of 'Salmonella typhimurium LT2' is active in natural isolates. , 1995, FEMS microbiology letters.

[22]  P. Rudnick,et al.  Characterization of the glnK-amtB Operon of Azotobacter vinelandii , 1998, Journal of bacteriology.

[23]  E V Koonin,et al.  Gene order is not conserved in bacterial evolution. , 1996, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[24]  A. Ninfa,et al.  Role of the GlnK signal transduction protein in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli , 1998, Molecular microbiology.

[25]  Michael Y. Galperin,et al.  Prokaryotic genomes: the emerging paradigm of genome-based microbiology. , 1997, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[26]  M H Saier,et al.  Phylogenetic characterization of novel transport protein families revealed by genome analyses. , 1999, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[27]  S. Kustu,et al.  Ammonia acquisition in enteric bacteria: physiological role of the ammonium/methylammonium transport B (AmtB) protein. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[28]  Daniel Kahn,et al.  An alternative PII protein in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli , 1996, Molecular microbiology.

[29]  N. Desnoues,et al.  Characterisation of the glnK-amtB operon and the involvement of AmtB in methylammonium uptake in Azorhizobium caulinodans , 1998, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[30]  Mark Borodovsky,et al.  The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori , 1997, Nature.

[31]  M S Waterman,et al.  Identification of common molecular subsequences. , 1981, Journal of molecular biology.

[32]  S. Osawa,et al.  Evolutionary relationship of archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes inferred from phylogenetic trees of duplicated genes. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  J. Jauniaux,et al.  Identification of a high affinity NH4+ transporter from plants. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[34]  G. Böhm,et al.  The stability of proteins in extreme environments. , 1998, Current opinion in structural biology.

[35]  R. Fleischmann,et al.  Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd. , 1995, Science.

[36]  M. Merrick,et al.  The Rhizobium etli amtB gene coding for an NH4+ transporter is down-regulated early during bacteroid differentiation. , 1998, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[37]  H V Westerhoff,et al.  GlnK, a PII-homologue: structure reveals ATP binding site and indicates how the T-loops may be involved in molecular recognition. , 1998, Journal of molecular biology.