Evolution of airplane stability and control - A designer's viewpoint

IZZ Kn Nomenclature C, D, E = polynomial coefficients = wing span, ft = lift coefficient = variation of rolling moment coefficient with yaw rate, 1/rad = variation of rolling moment coefficient with sideslip angle, 1/rad = pitching moment coefficient = variation of pitching moment coefficient with angle of attack, 1/rad = variation of pitching moment coefficient with pitch rate, 1/rad = variation of pitching moment coefficient with elevator angle, 1/rad = variation of yawing moment coefficient with yaw rate, 1/rad = variation of yawing moment coefficient with sideslip angle, 1/rad = variation of side force coefficient with roll rate, 1/rad = variation of side force coefficient with sideslip angle, 1/rad = mean geometric chord, ft = aileron wheel force (cockpit), Ib = acceleration of gravity, ft/s = pitching moment of inertia, slug ft = yawing moment of inertia, slug ft = pitch rate feedback gain, rad/rad/s = roll angular acceleration per unit roll rate, rad/s/rad/s = roll angular acceleration per unit yaw rate, rad/s/rad/s = roll angular acceleration per unit sideslip angle, rad/s/rad = pitch angular acceleration per unit angle of attack, rad/s/rad Mq = pitch angular acceleration per unit pitch rate, « Cmqq,S?/2IyyU^\/i m = airplane mass, slugs Np yaw angular acceleration per unit sideslip angle, rad/s/rad P, p = roll rate (X axis), rad/s Q, q = pitch rate (Y axis), rad/s ql = dynamic pressure, Ib/ft R, r = yaw rate (Z axis), rad/s S =wing area, ft T = time constant, s £/, u = speed component along X axis, ft/s V, v = speed component along Y axis, ft/s v = side acceleration, ft/s W, w = speed component along Z axis, ft/s xac = aerodynamic center location as a fraction of mean geometric chord Yp = side acceleration per unit roll rate, ft/sVrad/s Yr = side acceleration per unit yaw rate, ft/s/rad/s •Yp =side acceleration per unit sideslip angle, ft/s/rad a = angle of attack, rad j8 = angle of sideslip, rad A = incremental value for what follows f = damping ratio 0, 6 = pitch attitude angle, rad 5 = control surface deflection, rad , = bank angle, rad ¥, = heading angle* rad ojn = undamped natural frequency, 1/s

[1]  Henry A. Pearson,et al.  Matrix method of determining the longitudinal-stability coefficients and frequency response of an aircraft from transient flight data , 1952 .

[2]  Ira H. Abbott,et al.  Summary of Airfoil Data , 1945 .

[3]  Subdivision Aircraft Accidents: Method of Analysis , 1928 .

[4]  Robert T. Jones A Simplified Application of the Method of Operators to the Calculation of Disturbed Motions of an Airplane , 1936 .

[5]  H. W. Bode,et al.  Network analysis and feedback amplifier design , 1945 .

[6]  William H Phillips Appreciation and prediction of flying qualities , 1948 .

[7]  Ezra S. Krendel,et al.  Mathematical Models of Human Pilot Behavior , 1974 .

[8]  Robert Thomas Jones,et al.  An analysis of the stability of an airplane with free controls , 1940 .

[9]  Arthur L. Jones,et al.  A summary of lateral-stability derivatives calculated for wing plan forms in supersonic flow , 1951 .

[10]  Robert T. Jones Notes on the Stability and Control of Tailless Airplanes , 1941 .

[11]  F H Norton A study of longitudinal dynamic stability in flight , 1924 .

[12]  George E. Cooper,et al.  The use of pilot rating in the evaluation of aircraft handling qualities , 1969 .

[13]  Abe Silverstein,et al.  Design Charts for Predicting Downwash Angles and Wake Characteristics Behind Plain and Flapped Wings , 1939 .

[14]  R. T. Taylor,et al.  A systematic study of the factors contributing to post-stall longitudinal stability of T-tail transport configurations. , 1965 .

[15]  Oscar Seidman,et al.  Free-spinning wind-tunnel tests of a low-wing monoplane with systematic changes in wings and tails IV: effect of center-of-gravity location , 1939 .

[16]  William F. Milliken,et al.  Progress in Dynamic Stability and Control Research , 1947 .

[17]  H. Julian Allen,et al.  The Problem of Longitudinal Stability and Control at High Speeds , 1943 .

[18]  Hartley A Soule,et al.  A Method of Flight Measurement of Spins , 1932 .

[19]  G. H. Bryan,et al.  Stability in Aviation , 1911, Aeronautical journal (London, England : 1897).

[20]  I. H. Abbott,et al.  Theory of Wing Sections , 1959 .

[21]  Charles W. Mathews,et al.  Effects on Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics of a B-29 Airplane of Variations in Stick-force and Control-rate Characteristics Obtained Through Use of a Booster in the Elevator-control System , 1950 .

[22]  K. W. Iliff,et al.  Determination of stability derivatives from flight data using a Newton-Raphson minimization technique , 1972 .

[23]  E B Wilson Theory of an Aeroplane Encountering Gusts. , 1916, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[24]  John Deyoung Theoretical antisymmetric span loading for wings of arbitrary plan form at subsonic speeds , 1950 .

[25]  Franklin W Diederich,et al.  Calculation of the lateral control of swept and unswept flexible wings of arbitrary stiffness , 1951 .

[26]  C W Frick,et al.  The longitudinal stability of elastic swept wings at supersonic speed , 1950 .

[27]  R. R. Gilruth,et al.  Lateral control required for satisfactory flying qualities based on flight tests of numerous airplanes , 1941 .

[28]  Thomas A Toll Summary of Lateral-control Research , 1947 .

[29]  Abe Silverstein,et al.  Downwash and Wake Behind Plain and Flapped Airfoils , 1939 .

[30]  Frank S Malvestuto,et al.  Stability derivatives of triangular wings at supersonic speeds , 1948 .

[31]  M D White,et al.  Analysis and prediction of longitudinal stability of airplanes , 1941 .

[32]  Steven E. Belsley,et al.  Wind-Tunnel Procedure for Determination of Critical Stability and Control Characteristics of Airplanes , 1944 .

[33]  William S Aiken Charts for the determination of wing torsional stiffness required for specified rolling characteristics or aileron reversal speed , 1944 .

[34]  Charles R. Chalk,et al.  Background Information and User Guide for Mil-F-8785B (ASG), 'Military Specification-Flying Qualities of Piloted Airplanes' , 1969 .

[35]  Fred E. Weick,et al.  Resume and analysis of NACA lateral control research , 1937 .

[36]  C. J. Donlan,et al.  An Interim Report on the Stability and Control of Tailless Airplanes , 1944 .

[37]  Robert E. Hage,et al.  Airplane Performance, Stability and Control , 1949 .

[38]  A. R. Collar The prevention of flutter of spring tabs , 1943 .

[39]  W. H. Phillips,et al.  Effect of steady rolling on longitudinal and directional stability , 1948 .

[40]  R. E. Maine,et al.  Practical aspects of a maximum likelihood estimation method to extract stability and control derivatives from flight data , 1976 .

[41]  Jan Roskam,et al.  Elastic wind-tunnel models for predicting longitudinal stability derivatives of elastic airplanes. , 1968 .

[42]  George E. Cooper,et al.  Simulator Studies of the Deep Stall , 1965 .

[43]  R R Gilruth Requirements for Satisfactory Flying Qualities of Airplanes , 1941 .

[44]  Edwin Bidwell Wilson,et al.  Theory of an Airplane Encountering Gusts III , 1918 .

[45]  John Deyoung Theoretical symmetric span loading due to flap deflection for wings of arbitrary plan form at subsonic speeds , 1952 .

[46]  Charles H Zimmerman An analysis of longitudinal stability in power-off flight with charts for use in design , 1936 .

[47]  James J Donegan Matrix methods for determining the longitudinal-stability derivatives of an airplane from transient flight data , 1954 .

[48]  Robert T Jones,et al.  The influence of lateral stability on disturbed motions of an airplane with special reference to the motions produced by gusts , 1938 .

[49]  Harry J Goett,et al.  Effect of tilt of the propeller axis on the longitudinal-stability characteristics of single-engine airplanes , 1944 .

[50]  L Marchis Experimental researches on the resistance of air , 1917 .

[51]  Robert T Jones,et al.  Theoretical stability and control characteristics of wings with various amounts of taper and twist , 1938 .

[52]  W. J. Duncan,et al.  Elementary matrices and some applications to dynamics and differential equations , 1939 .