Modelling boom and bust of cocoa production systems in Malaysia

In the previous chapters in Part I, the concepts, methodology and techniques of system dynamics modelling and simulation in the areas of agricultural, biological, environmental and socio-economic systems are presented. This chapter presents applications of system dynamics modelling in ecological systems of boom and bust of cocoa production systems in Malaysia to demonstrate how to construct a system dynamics model and simulate it for policy planning and design. The model presented is an illustration of modelling and simulation of practical problems, and such an experience is essential to face the challenge of modelling and simulation of dynamic systems. To achieve this goal, the model of this case study is organised as follows: (1) introduction, (2) dynamic hypothesis, (3) causal loop diagram, (4) stock–flow diagram, (5) model validation, (6) simulation and policy analysis and (7) conclusion. The simulated results indicate that the collapse of cocoa production systems can be avoided through biodiversity conservation and insect control resulting from sustainable production systems and implementation of such policy demands adequate subsidy to retain high biodiversity, control pest and disease and attain acceptable yields through extension services through farmer field schools.

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