Reply to the two discussions on my paper "An alternative mechanism of pile failure in liquefiable deposits during earthquakes"

This paper proposes an alternative mechanism of pile failure in liquefiable deposits during earthquakes. This failure mechanism, based on pile buckling, is formulated by back-analysing 14 case histories of pile foundation performance during earthquakes and verified using dynamic centrifuge tests. A new parameter, the slenderness ratio of a pile, is introduced to classify pile performance in liquefiable soils. This parameter fits very well both the reported case histories and the centrifuge test results.

[1]  A. Robertson,et al.  THE STRENGTH OF STRUTS. , 1925 .

[2]  A. Valsangkar,et al.  Buckling of Fully and Partially Embedded Piles , 1970 .

[3]  地盤工学会.  Special issue on geotechnical aspects of the January 17 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake , 1996 .

[4]  日本道路協会.  Specification for highway bridges , 1987 .

[5]  S. Bhattacharya,et al.  Pile instability during earthquake liquefaction , 2003 .

[6]  Kohji Tokimatsu,et al.  FAILURE AND DEFORMATION MODES OF PILES DUE TO LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED LATERAL SPREADING IN 1995 HYOGOKEN-NAMBU EARTHQUAKE , 1997 .

[7]  J. B. Berrill,et al.  Case study of lateral spreading forces on a piled foundation , 2001 .

[8]  Andrew Schofield,et al.  Cambridge Geotechnical Centrifuge Operations , 1980 .

[9]  A. Bond,et al.  Behaviour of displacement piles in overconsolidated clays , 1989 .

[10]  Kenji Ishihara,et al.  Liquefaction of Soils During Earthquakes. , 1974 .

[11]  Hjalmar Granholm.  On the elastic stability of piles surrounded by a supporting medium , 1929 .

[12]  Kenji Ishihara,et al.  GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE 1995 KOBE EARTHQUAKE , 1999 .

[13]  R. Dobry,et al.  Evaluation of pile foundation response to lateral spreading , 2002 .

[14]  Kohji Tokimatsu,et al.  BUILDING DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS , 1996 .

[15]  浜田 政則,et al.  Case studies of liquefaction and lifeline performance during past earthquakes , 1992 .

[16]  W.D.L Finn,et al.  Piles in liquefiable soils: seismic analysis and design issues , 2002 .

[17]  Kohji Tokimatsu,et al.  Effects of Lateral Ground Movements on Failure Patterns of Piles in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake , 1998 .

[18]  Andrew Schofield,et al.  Dynamic and Earthquake Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling , 1981 .

[19]  Xiangwu Zeng,et al.  Design and performance of an equivalent-shear-beam container for earthquake centrifuge modelling , 1996 .

[20]  Spg Madabhushi,et al.  A new Stored Angular Momentum (SAM) based earthquake actuator , 1998 .

[21]  Susumu Yasuda,et al.  The Mechanism and a Simplified Procedure for the Analysis of Permanent Ground Displacement Due to Liquefaction , 1992 .

[22]  Finian Seng Chin Tan.  Centrifuge and theoretical modelling of conical footings on sand , 1990 .