ICT and Gender Issues in the Higher Education of Entrepreneurs

Rapid technological innovations are currently occurring in higher education with differential effects on academics, students and ICT. This article, through literature review and author experiences, highlights the potential misperceptions of gender and related learning styles resulting from increased adoption of ICT in higher education. The authors emphasise the need for a collaborative approach between educators, learners, and the people and organisations that drive technological innovation, which contrasts the competitive forces that now abound. The authors also acknowledge the implied positions in dialogues about gender. One response is to initiate understanding at the strategic level and utilise the advances in ICT technologies that enhance connectedness in the educational experience. To improve the education of entrepreneurial managers and leaders, future policies must address the effects and accessibility of online education to meet employer and global technological requirements with equitable outcomes.

[1]  S. Carter,et al.  The Diana Project: pioneering women studying pioneering women , 2009 .

[2]  Xiaojun Zhang,et al.  Household technology adoption in a global marketplace: Incorporating the role of espoused cultural values , 2008, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[3]  M. Prensky.  Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1 , 2001 .

[4]  Alexander Minnaert,et al.  Motivation and self-regulated learning in secondary vocational education: information-processing type and gender differences , 2003 .

[5]  S. Herring,et al.  Assessing Gender Authenticity in Computer-Mediated Language Use , 2004 .

[6]  Rafi Nachmias,et al.  Learning in Virtual Courses and its Relationship to Thinking Styles , 2002 .

[7]  Knut H. Sørensen,et al.  Out of the boy's room? A critical analysis of the understanding of gender and ICT in Norway , 2003 .

[8]  Peggy E. Steinbronn,et al.  Perceived Utility of Methods and Instructional Strategies Used in Online and Face-to-face Teaching Environments , 2008 .

[9]  Alan Durndell,et al.  'I totally agree with you': gender interactions in educational online discussion groups , 2006, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[10]  A. Heilbrun.  AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE MODELING THEORY OF SEX-ROLE LEARNING , 1965 .

[11]  B. Norwich,et al.  Evaluating the reliability and validity of a learning styles inventory: a classroom-based study , 2007 .

[12]  N. Selwyn,et al.  Digital Divide or Digital Opportunity? The Role of Technology in Overcoming Social Exclusion in U.S. Education , 2001 .

[13]  Patrick Dillon,et al.  Creativity, Integrativism and a Pedagogy of Connection. , 2006 .

[14]  J. Cooper,et al.  The digital divide: the special case of gender , 2006, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[15]  Paul M. Brunet,et al.  Is shyness context specific? Relation between shyness and online self-disclosure with and without a live webcam in young adults , 2007 .

[16]  Cheris Kramarae.  The third shift : women learning online , 2001 .

[17]  Andrew Creed.  A blow to the idealistic: critique of hermeneutics for online management education , 2006 .

[18]  John Steel,et al.  Orchestrating interdependence in an international online learning community , 2006, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[19]  Hsiu-Mei Huang,et al.  Student Perceptions in an Online Mediated Environment. , 2002 .

[20]  Charlotte N. Gunawardena,et al.  A cross‐cultural study of group process and development in online conferences , 2001 .

[21]  Joan L. Whipp,et al.  Cognitive and social help giving in online teaching: an exploratory study , 2009 .

[22]  Silvia Gherardi,et al.  Entrepreneur‐mentality, gender and the study of women entrepreneurs , 2004 .

[23]  Friedrich W. Kistermann.  Hollerith punched card system development (1905-1913) , 2005, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.

[24]  Ann Lieberman,et al.  Creating Intentional Learning Communities. , 1996 .

[25]  T. Tracey,et al.  Relation of shyness with aspects of online relationship involvement , 2004 .

[26]  Intrapreneurship in Australian Firms , 2004 .

[27]  P. Vernon,et al.  INTELLIGENCE, COGNITIVE STYLES, AND BRAIN LATERALIZATION , 1984 .

[28]  Ambika Zutshi,et al.  Equity and access in an e-enhanced, international, university environment: learning style implications , 2007 .

[29]  Nicholas A. Palomares.  Gender Schematicity, Gender Identity Salience, and Gender‐Linked Language Use , 2004 .

[30]  Hulya Julie Yazici,et al.  Student Perceptions of Collaborative Learning in Operations Management Classes , 2004 .

[31]  Vic Lally,et al.  Gender differences in an on-line learning environment , 1999, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[32]  L. Price,et al.  Gender differences and similarities in online courses: challenging stereotypical views of women , 2006, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[33]  Camilia Anne Czubaj.  Internet Review: Educator Concerns regarding Cyberspace Curricula. , 2004 .

[34]  T. Willoughby,et al.  A short-term longitudinal study of Internet and computer game use by adolescent boys and girls: prevalence, frequency of use, and psychosocial predictors. , 2008, Developmental psychology.

[35]  Hendrik Spilker,et al.  A ROM of One's Own or a Home for Sharing? , 2000, New Media Soc..

[36]  M. Lohan.  Constructive Tensions in Feminist Technology Studies , 2000 .

[37]  Chin-Chung Tsai,et al.  Gender Differences in Taiwan University Students' Attitudes toward the Web-based Learning , 2005, ICCE.

[38]  Ian C. Reid,et al.  Enhancing on-line teaching: Designing responsive learning environments , 2001 .

[39]  Anna Bon.  Can the internet in tertiary education in Africa contribute to social and economic development , 2007 .

[40]  A. E. Roberts,et al.  Classification and the relations of meaning , 2005 .

[41]  What constitutes successful entrepreneurship? An analysis of recent Australasian awards experiences , 2004 .

[42]  Ulf Mellström,et al.  Machines and Masculine Subjectivity , 2004 .

[43]  David Miller,et al.  The interactive whiteboard: a literature survey , 2005 .

[44]  Kathleen-M. Lynn,et al.  Bridging the Gender Gap in Computing: An Integrative Approach to Content Design for Girls , 2003 .

[45]  Roli Varma,et al.  Women in Information Technology: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students in a Minority-Serving Institution , 2002 .

[46]  Sue Beverton,et al.  Top-Down Management: An Effective Tool in Higher Education?. , 2007 .

[47]  James W. Cortada,et al.  Patterns and Practices in How Information Technology Spread around the World , 2008, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.

[48]  Morten H. Christiansen,et al.  Modality-constrained statistical learning of tactile, visual, and auditory sequences. , 2005, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[49]  K. Kavale,et al.  Dunn and Dunn Model of Learning-Style Preferences: Critique of Lovelace Meta-Analysis , 2007 .

[50]  J. Rychlak,et al.  A sociocultural theory of appropriate sexual role identification and level of personal adjustment. , 1967, Journal of personality.

[51]  Vanessa Pittard,et al.  Evidence for e-learning policy , 2004 .

[52]  Patrick Dillon,et al.  Adaptive educational environments as creative spaces , 2006 .

[53]  D. L. Sexton,et al.  Female and male entrepreneurs: Psychological characteristics and their role in gender-related discrimination , 1990 .

[54]  Dorothy Bennett,et al.  Technology and Gender: Differences In Masculine and Feminine Views , 1997 .

[55]  Kay Mac Keogh.  National Strategies for the Promotion of On-Line Learning in Higher Education , 2001 .

[56]  Rodney L. Custer,et al.  Gender-Based Preferences toward Technology Education Content, Activities, and Instructional Methods. , 2005 .

[57]  A. Kelly.  Globalisation and education: a review of conflicting perspectives and their effect on policy and professional practice in the UK , 2009 .

[58]  D. Turban,et al.  The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Perceptions of Entrepreneurs and Intentions to Become an Entrepreneur , 2009 .

[59]  Eun-Ju Lee,et al.  Effects of gendered character representation on person perception and informational social influence in computer-mediated communication , 2004, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[60]  Vivian Anette Lagesen.  A Cyberfeminist Utopia? , 2008 .

[61]  John F. Dalrymple,et al.  A conceptual overview of a holistic model for quality in higher education , 2007 .

[62]  Birgitte Holm Sørensen.  Online games: scenario for community and manifestation of masculinity , 2003 .

[63]  Regina Vollmeyer,et al.  Computer use and the gender gap: The issue of access, use, motivation, and performance , 2007, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[64]  Martina Ziefle,et al.  Effects of age, cognitive, and personal factors on PDA menu navigation performance , 2009, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[65]  Chris Panagiotakopoulos,et al.  Student Dropout at the Hellenic Open University: Evaluation of the Graduate Program, "Studies in Education" , 2002 .

[66]  Michelene T. H. Chi,et al.  Searching for Information on-Line and off-Line: Gender Differences among Middle School Students , 2003 .

[67]  Philip Haynes,et al.  Online learning and teaching in higher education , 2006 .

[68]  Van B. Weigel.  Deep Learning for a Digital Age: Technology's Untapped Potential to Enrich Higher Education , 2001 .

[69]  Abiodun Elijah Obayelu,et al.  Analysis of the uses of information communication technology (ICT) for gender empowerment and sustainable poverty alleviation in Nigeria , 2006 .

[70]  Stephen J. Bostock *,et al.  Gender in student online discussions , 2005 .

[71]  M. Prensky.  Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants , 2001 .

[72]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Different orientations of males and females in computer-mediated negotiations , 2007 .

[73]  Mary Flanagan.  Practicing Stereotypes: Exploring Gender Stereotypes Online , 1999 .

[74]  Micky Lee.  What's Missing In Feminist Research In New Information And Communication Technologies? , 2006 .

[75]  S. Patrick.  GENDER DIFFERENCES AND THE ONLINE CLASSROOM: MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS EVALUATE THEIR EXPERIENCES , 2001 .

[76]  Brooke R. Envick,et al.  Behaviors of Entrepreneurs: A Gender Comparison , 1998 .

[77]  Ayman Elnaggar.  The status of Omani women in the ICT sector , 2007 .