Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Flood Occurrences in the Drainage Basin of Pinios River (Thessaly, Central Greece)

Historic data and old topographic maps include information on historical floods and paleo-floods. This paper aims at identifying the flood hazard by using historic data in the drainage basin of Pinios (Peneus) River, in Thessaly, central Greece. For this purpose, a catalogue of historical flood events that occurred between 1979 and 2010 and old topographic maps of 1881 were used. Moreover, geomorphic parameters such as elevation, slope, aspect and slope curvature were taken into account. The data were combined with the Geographical Information System to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of flood events. The results show that a total number of 146 flood events were recorded in the study area. The number of flood events reaches its maximum value in the year 1994, while October contains the most flood events. The flood occurrences increased during the period 1990–2010. The flooded area reaches its maximum value in the year 1987, and November is the month with the most records. The type of damages with the most records is for rural land use. Regarding the class of damages, no human casualties were recorded during the studied period. The annual and monthly distribution of the very high category reaches the maximum values, respectively, in the year 2005 and in June. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the floods proves that most of the occurrences are recorded in the southern part of the study area. There is a certain amount of clustering of flood events in the areas of former marshes and lakes along with the lowest and flattest parts of the study area. These areas are located in the central, southern, south-eastern and coastal part of the study area and create favorable conditions for flooding. The proposed method estimates the localization of sites prone to flood, and it may be used for flood hazard assessment mapping and for flood risk management.

[1]  Kamberis Evangelos,et al.  Morphotectonic analysis, structural evolution/pattern of a contractional ridge: Giouchtas Mt., Central Crete, Greece , 2015, Journal of Earth System Science.

[2]  M. Diakakis,et al.  Floods in Greece, a statistical and spatial approach , 2012, Natural Hazards.

[3]  F. Martini,et al.  Flood risk mapping in Europe, experiences and best practices , 2009 .

[4]  Patrick Willems,et al.  A time series tool to support the multi-criteria performance evaluation of rainfall-runoff models , 2009, Environ. Model. Softw..

[5]  M. Stefouli,et al.  Spatio-temporal analysis of the coastline of faliro bay, attica, Greece , 2002 .

[6]  Georgios Aim. Skianis,et al.  Assessment of rural community and agricultural development using geomorphological–geological factors and GIS in the Trikala prefecture (Central Greece) , 2013, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

[7]  G. Migiros,et al.  Pinios (Peneus) River (Central Greece): Hydrological — Geomorphological elements and changes during the quaternary , 2011 .

[8]  G. Migiros,et al.  Geologic evolution and geodynamic controls of the Tertiary intramontane piggyback Meso-Hellenic basin, Greece , 2004 .

[9]  Biswajeet Pradhan,et al.  Suitability estimation for urban development using multi-hazard assessment map. , 2017, The Science of the total environment.

[10]  B. Pradhan.  Flood susceptible mapping and risk area delineation using logistic regression, GIS and remote sensing , 2010 .

[11]  K. Gaki-Papanastassiou,et al.  Pleistocene glacial and lacustrine activity in the southern part of Mount Olympus (central Greece) , 2017 .

[12]  Sailesh Samanta,et al.  Flood Risk Analysis in Lower Part of Markham River Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Approach (MCDA) , 2016 .

[13]  E. Kokinou,et al.  Correlation between the structural pattern and the development of the hydrographic network in a portion of the Western Thessaly Basin (Greece) , 2012 .

[14]  H. Maroukian,et al.  The significance of tectonism in the glaciations of Greece , 2014, Special Publications.

[15]  E. A. Baltas,et al.  Urban flood hazard assessment in the basin of Athens Metropolitan city, Greece , 2016, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[16]  Günter Blöschl,et al.  A compilation of data on European flash floods , 2009 .

[17]  Bruno Merz,et al.  Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage" , 2010 .

[18]  Charles Onyutha,et al.  On Rigorous Drought Assessment Using Daily Time Scale: Non-Stationary Frequency Analyses, Revisited Concepts, and a New Method to Yield Non-Parametric Indices , 2017 .

[19]  Sean Sloan,et al.  Flood Hazard Mapping of a Rapidly Urbanizing City in the Foothills (Birendranagar, Surkhet) of Nepal , 2018 .

[20]  G. Bathrellos.  An overview in urban geology and urban geomorphology , 2018, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece.

[21]  H. Andrieu,et al.  Use of historical data to assess the occurrence of floods in small watersheds in the French Mediterranean area , 2005 .

[22]  A. Cerda,et al.  Effect of climate on surface flow along a climatological gradient in Israel: a field rainfall simulation approach , 1998 .

[23]  H. Skilodimou,et al.  Investigating the flooding events of the urban regions of glyfada and voula, attica, greece: a contribution to urban geomorphology , 2003 .

[24]  H. Moel,et al.  Flood maps in Europe – methods, availability and use , 2009 .

[25]  Katerina Kavoura,et al.  Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard in Greece: From Arias Intensity to Spatial Distribution of Slope Resistance Demand , 2016 .

[26]  Kalliopi Gaki-Papanastassiou,et al.  Potential suitability for urban planning and industry development using natural hazard maps and geological–geomorphological parameters , 2012, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[27]  M. Jakob.  Debris-flow hazard analysis , 2005 .

[28]  H. Skilodimou,et al.  Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for an Abandoned Quarry in the Evros Region (NE Greece) , 2018 .

[29]  D. Rozos,et al.  Comparison of the implementation of rock engineering system and analytic hierarchy process methods, upon landslide susceptibility mapping, using GIS: a case study from the Eastern Achaia County of Peloponnesus, Greece , 2011 .

[30]  A. Loukas,et al.  Agricultural and water resources development in Thessaly, Greece in the framework of new European Union policies , 2009 .

[31]  Richard L. Smith.  Threshold Methods for Sample Extremes , 1984 .

[32]  H. Maroukian,et al.  The spatial distribution of middle and late pleistocene cirques in greece , 2014 .

[33]  Monica Yanez Pagans,et al.  Synthesis report: summary for policy makers , 2014 .

[34]  Bernard Bobée,et al.  Towards operational guidelines for over-threshold modeling , 1999 .

[35]  D. Tropeano,et al.  Using Historical Documents for Landslide, Debris Flow and Stream Flood Prevention. Applications in Northern Italy , 2004 .

[36]  W. Langbein.  Annual floods and the partial‐duration flood series , 1949 .

[37]  Kyriaki Papadopoulou-Vrynioti,et al.  Karst collapse susceptibility mapping considering peak ground acceleration in a rapidly growing urban area , 2013 .

[38]  D. Rozos,et al.  Physical and Anthropogenic Factors Related to Landslide Activity in the Northern Peloponnese, Greece , 2018, Land.