This working paper provides input to the OECD Review of Innovation Policy for China (OECD, 2008), which was released in September 2008. Science and technology (S&T) have been pinpointed by the Chinese State Council as a key driving force for sustainable economic growth and the transformation of China into an innovation-oriented nation on the basis of the development of a national innovation system with strong indigenous innovation capacity. One of the targets set in the National Guidelines for the Medium- and Long-term Plan for Science and Technology Development (2006-20) is to raise the ratio of R&D to GDP to 2% by 2010 and to 2.5% or more by 2020. This is an extremely ambitious target, as it implies the need for R&D expenditure to increase by at least 10-15% annually. Evaluation du systeme d'innovation de la Chine : Specificites nationales et comparaisons internationales Ce document de travail est une contribution a la Revue de l’OCDE sur les politiques d’innovation pour la Chine (OCDE, 2008) qui a ete publiee en septembre. La science et la technologie (S-T) ont ete identifiees par le Conseil d’Etat chinois comme etant des ressorts essentiels pour l’instauration d’une croissance economique durable et la transformation de la Chine en un pays oriente vers l’innovation grâce a la mise en oeuvre d’un systeme national d’innovation dote d’une solide capacite d’innovation propre. Les lignes directrices nationales pour les programmes a moyen et long termes de developpement de la science et de la technologie (2006-2020) ont notamment pour objectif de porter la R-D a 2 % du PIB d’ici 2010 et a 2,5 % ou plus d’ici 2020. Il s’agit la d’un objectif extremement ambitieux qui suppose que les depenses de R-D augmentent d’au moins 10 a 15 % par an de maniere continue.
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