Tutorial: artificial intelligence and simulation

The term "simulation" is often interpreted quite narrowly: as a way of making predictions by running a behavioral model to answer questions of the form "What-if...?". The major impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research on simulation is to encourage the use of additional kinds of modeling based on inferencing, reasoning, search methods, and representations that have been developed in AI. This natural--though long overdue--extension of simulation can produce behavioral models that answer questions Beyond "What-if...?". The result is sometimes referred to as "Knowledge-Based Simulation". This tutorial presents some of the major concepts of Artificial Intelligence and illustrates their applicability to simulation using examples drawn from recent Knowledge-Based Simulation research. It focuses on the present state-of-the-art, current problems and limitations, and future directions and possibilities.