Development and Evaluation of Distributed Simulation of Embedded Systems Using Ptolemy and HLA

Nowadays, embedded systems have a huge amount of computational power and consequently, high complexity. It is quite usual to find different applications being executed in embedded systems. Embedded system design demands for method and tools that allow the simulation and verification in an efficient and practical way. This paper proposes the development and evaluation of a solution for embedded modeling and simulation of heterogeneous Models of Computation (MoCs) in a distributed way by the integration of Ptolemy II and the High Level Architecture (HLA), a middleware for distributed discrete event simulation, in order to create an environment with high-performance execution of large-scale heterogeneous models. Experimental results demonstrate, that the use of a non distributed simulation for some situations can be infeasible, as well as the use of distributed simulation with few machines, like one, two or three computers. It was demonstrated that a speedup of factor 4 was acquired when a model with 4,000 thousands actors were distributed in 8 different machines.

[1]  Stephen A. Edwards,et al.  The semantics and execution of a synchronous block-diagram language , 2003, Sci. Comput. Program..

[2]  Raluca Marin Perianu.  Wireless Sensor Networks in Motion - Clustering Algorithms for Service Discovery and Provisioning , 2008 .

[3]  Raluca Marin-Perianu,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networks in Motion - Clustering Algorithms for Service Discovery and Provisioning , 2008 .

[4]  Alisson Vasconcelos De Brito,et al.  The Development of a Methodology with a Tool Support to the Distributed Simulation of Heterogeneous and Complexes Embedded Systems , 2012, 2012 Brazilian Symposium on Computing System Engineering.

[5]  Chang Ho Sung,et al.  Framework for Simulation of Hybrid Systems: Interoperation of Discrete Event and Continuous Simulators Using HLA/RTI , 2011, 2011 IEEE Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation.

[6]  C. A. R. Hoare,et al.  Communicating Sequential Processes (Reprint) , 1983, Commun. ACM.

[7]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  CONTINUOUS TIME AND MIXED-SIGNAL SIMULATION IN PTOLEMY II , 1999 .

[8]  E.A. Lee,et al.  Synchronous data flow , 1987, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[9]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Distributed Real-Time Software for Cyber–Physical Systems , 2012, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[10]  Ed F. Deprettere,et al.  Context-aware process networks , 2003, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures, and Processors. ASAP 2003.

[11]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Heterogeneous Simulation—Mixing Discrete-Event Models with Dataflow , 1997, J. VLSI Signal Process..

[12]  IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA) — Framework and Rules , 2001 .

[13]  Gilles Kahn,et al.  Coroutines and Networks of Parallel Processes , 1977, IFIP Congress.

[14]  Mudit Goel,et al.  Process Networks in Ptolemy II , 1998 .

[15]  J.-S. Li,et al.  Distributed K-coverage self-location estimation scheme based on Voronoi diagram , 2010, IET Commun..

[16]  Chang Ho Sung,et al.  Interoperation of DEVS models and differential equation models using HLA/RTI: hybrid simulation of engineering and engagement level models , 2009, SpringSim '09.

[17]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Multidimensional synchronous dataflow , 2002, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[18]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Overview of the Ptolemy project , 2001 .

[19]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Compositionality in Synchronous Data Flow: modular code generation from hierarchical SDF graphs , 2010, ICCPS '10.

[20]  G. Amdhal,et al.  Validity of the single processor approach to achieving large scale computing capabilities , 1967, AFIPS '67 (Spring).

[21]  Paul Whitaker,et al.  The Simulation of Synchronous Reactive Systems In Ptolemy , 2001 .

[22]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  The synchronous approach to reactive and real-time systems , 1991 .

[23]  Sponsor Siso.  Draft Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA)—Object Model Template (OMT) Specification , 2008 .

[24]  John E. Savage,et al.  Models of computation - exploring the power of computing , 1998 .

[25]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Taming heterogeneity - the Ptolemy approach , 2003, Proc. IEEE.

[26]  Namje Park,et al.  Mobile Platform for Networked RFID Applications , 2010, 2010 Seventh International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations.

[27]  Abdullah Zawawi Talib,et al.  Simulating Crowd Movements Using Fine Grid Cellular Automata , 2010, 2010 12th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation.

[28]  William Thies,et al.  StreamIt: A Language for Streaming Applications , 2002, CC.

[29]  Hirozumi Yamaguchi,et al.  Range-based localization for estimating pedestrian trajectory in intersection with roadside anchors , 2009, 2009 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC).

[30]  James B. Dabney,et al.  Mastering Simulink 4 , 2001 .

[31]  Edward A. Lee.  The problem with threads , 2006, Computer.

[32]  Axel Jantsch,et al.  Models of computation in the design process , 2006 .

[33]  Philip Haves,et al.  A Modular Building Controls Virtual Test Bed for the Integrations of Heterogeneous Systems , 2008 .