Predicting reading performance from neuroimaging profiles: The cerebral basis of phonological effects in printed word identification.

This study linked 2 experimental paradigms for the analytic study of reading that heretofore have been used separately. Measures on a lexical decision task designed to isolate phonological effects in the identification of printed words were examined in young adults. The results were related to previously obtained measures of brain activation patterns for these participants derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI measures were taken as the participants performed tasks that were designed to isolate orthographic, phonological, and lexical-semantic processes in reading. Individual differences in the magnitude of phonological effects in word recognition, as indicated by spelling-to-sound regularity effects on lexical decision latencies and by sensitivity to stimulus length effects, were strongly related to differences in the degree of hemispheric lateralization in 2 cortical regions.

[1]  Marco Iacoboni,et al.  Hemispheric Independence in Word Recognition: Evidence from Unilateral and Bilateral Presentations , 1996, Brain and Language.

[2]  T. Carr,et al.  DUAL-ROUTE THEORIES OF PRONOUNCING PRINTED WORDS : WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM CONCURRENT TASK PERFORMANCE ? , 1996 .

[3]  F. Kitterle.  Hemispheric Communication: Mechanisms and Models , 2020 .

[4]  D. Share.  Phonological recoding and self-teaching: sine qua non of reading acquisition , 1995, Cognition.

[5]  Michael S. Gazzaniga,et al.  Right-Hemisphere Memory Superiority: Studies of a Split-Brain Patient , 1995 .

[6]  L. Katz,et al.  Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language , 1995, Nature.

[7]  K. Luh,et al.  Interhemispheric Cooperation: Left Is Left and Right Is Right, but Sometimes the Twain Shall Meet , 1995 .

[8]  C. Perfetti,et al.  A rose is a REEZ: The two-cycles model of phonology assembly in reading English , 1995 .

[9]  M. Coltheart,et al.  Serial processing in reading aloud: Evidence for dual-route models of reading. , 1994 .

[10]  Richard S. J. Frackowiak,et al.  Brain activity during reading. The effects of exposure duration and task. , 1994, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[11]  J. Hellige,et al.  Individual variation in hemispheric asymmetry: multitask study of effects related to handedness and sex. , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[12]  R S Frackowiak,et al.  A PET study of cognitive strategies in normal subjects during language tasks. Influence of phonetic ambiguity and sequence processing on phoneme monitoring. , 1994, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[13]  L. Katz,et al.  Evidence of flexible coding in visual word recognition. , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[14]  M. Turvey,et al.  Visual lexical access is initially phonological: 1. Evidence from associative priming by words, homophones, and pseudohomophones. , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[15]  J. Sergent.  Brain-imaging studies of cognitive functions , 1994, Trends in Neurosciences.

[16]  J. Hellige,et al.  Hemispheric Asymmetry for Processing Unpronounceable and Pronounceable Letter Trigrams , 1994, Brain and Language.

[17]  Anne E. Fowler,et al.  Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions. , 1994 .

[18]  R. Todd Constable,et al.  Localization of semantic processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging , 1994 .

[19]  K. Stanovich,et al.  Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model. , 1994 .

[20]  Paul W. B. Atkins,et al.  Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. , 1993 .

[21]  G. Stone,et al.  Strategic control of processing in word recognition. , 1993, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[22]  G. McCarthy,et al.  Echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging studies of frontal cortex activation during word generation in humans. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[23]  M. Turvey,et al.  Similar attentional, frequency, and associative effects for pseudohomophones and words. , 1993, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[24]  L R Schad,et al.  Motor cortex stimulation measured by magnetic resonance imaging on a standard 1.5 T clinical scanner. , 1993, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[25]  J C Gore,et al.  Functional brain imaging at 1.5 T using conventional gradient echo MR imaging techniques. , 1993, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[26]  S E Petersen,et al.  The processing of single words studied with positron emission tomography. , 1993, Annual review of neuroscience.

[27]  M. Bruck.  Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits. , 1992 .

[28]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  R. Turner,et al.  Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech processing. , 1992, Science.

[31]  S. Monsell,et al.  Lexical and sublexical translation of spelling to sound : Strategic anticipation of lexical status , 1992 .

[32]  S. Kosslyn,et al.  Form-specific visual priming in the right cerebral hemisphere. , 1992, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[33]  A. Caramazza,et al.  Evidence for different types of lexical representations in the cerebral hemispheres , 1992 .

[34]  D. Holender,et al.  Analytic approaches to human cognition , 1992 .

[35]  Monique Radeau,et al.  Single and Multiple Process Models of Print to Speech Conversion , 1992 .

[36]  M. Turvey,et al.  Phonological access of the lexicon: evidence from associative priming with pseudohomophones. , 1991, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[37]  C. Perfetti,et al.  Phonemic activation during the first 40 ms of word identification: Evidence from backward masking and priming , 1991 .

[38]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Distribution of cortical neural networks involved in word comprehension and word retrieval. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[39]  K. Paap,et al.  Dual-route models of print to sound: Still a good horse race , 1991 .

[40]  J. Rayman,et al.  Rhyming and the right hemisphere , 1991, Brain and Language.

[41]  Bruce F. Pennington,et al.  Word identification in reading and the promise of subsymbolic psycholinguistics. , 1990, Psychological review.

[42]  S. Petersen,et al.  Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and word-like stimuli. , 1990, Science.

[43]  S. Ogawa,et al.  Oxygenation‐sensitive contrast in magnetic resonance image of rodent brain at high magnetic fields , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[44]  J. Talairach,et al.  Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: 3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging , 1988 .

[45]  James L. McClelland,et al.  A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. , 1989, Psychological review.

[46]  B. Dobkin,et al.  Right hemisphere contribution to lexical access in an aphasic with deep dyslexia , 1989, Brain and Language.

[47]  Curt von Euler,et al.  Brain and Reading , 1989 .

[48]  M. Posner,et al.  Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of the Processing of Singe Words , 1989, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[49]  Andrew W. Ellis,et al.  Modes of word recognition in the left and right cerebral hemispheres , 1988, Brain and Language.

[50]  Alexander Pollatsek,et al.  Recognition of visual letter strings following injury to the posterior visual spatial attention system , 1988 .

[51]  P. T. Fox,et al.  Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing , 1988, Nature.

[52]  Daniel N. Bub,et al.  Different modes of word recognition in the left and right visual fields , 1988, Brain and Language.

[53]  M. Coltheart,et al.  Attention and Performance XII: The Psychology of Reading , 1987 .

[54]  G. C. Orden.  A ROWS is a ROSE: Spelling, sound, and reading , 1987 .

[55]  M. Turvey,et al.  Hemispheric asymmetries in phonological processing , 1986, Neuropsychologia.

[56]  Alan J. Parkin,et al.  Effects of spelling-to-sound regularity on word identification following brief presentation in the right or left visual field , 1985, Neuropsychologia.

[57]  Mark S. Seidenberg,et al.  Spelling-sound effects in reading: Time-course and decision criteria , 1985, Memory & cognition.

[58]  M. Rosson.  The interaction of pronunciation rules and lexical representations in reading aloud , 1985, Memory & cognition.

[59]  Derek Besner,et al.  Is the right hemisphere literate , 1984 .

[60]  Mark S. Seidenberg,et al.  When does irregular spelling or pronunciation influence word recognition , 1984 .

[61]  G. Waters,et al.  Children’s and adults’ use of spelling-sound information in three reading tasks , 1984, Memory & cognition.

[62]  D. Mcquade.  Pre-Lexical Phonological Recoding Becomes Automatic With Stimulus Repetitions , 1983, Language and speech.

[63]  M. Banich,et al.  Are variations among right-handed individuals in perceptual asymmetries caused by characteristic arousal differences between hemispheres? , 1983, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[64]  E. Zaidel,et al.  A response to Gazzaniga. Language in the right hemisphere, convergent perspectives. , 1983, The American psychologist.

[65]  Nico Brand,et al.  Word matching and Lexical Decisions: A Visual Half-Field study , 1983, Brain and Language.

[66]  S. Andrews.  Phonological recoding: Is the regularity effect consistent? , 1982 .

[67]  Ann M. Peters,et al.  Phonological encoding and ideographic reading by the disconnected right hemisphere: Two case studies , 1981, Brain and Language.

[68]  J. Requin.  Attention and Performance VII , 1980 .

[69]  G. Underwood.  Strategies of information processing , 1980 .

[70]  R. Glushko.  The Organization and Activation of Orthographic Knowledge in Reading Aloud. , 1979 .

[71]  James L. McClelland.  On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade. , 1979 .

[72]  Paul A. Kolers,et al.  Processing of visible language , 1979 .

[73]  Lee Brooks,et al.  A Comparison of Explicit and Implicit Knowledge of an Alphabet , 1979 .

[74]  Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders,et al.  The effects of graphemic, phonetic, and semantic relationships on access to lexical structures , 1978 .

[75]  J. Bradshaw,et al.  Bihemispheric involvement in lexical decisions: Handedness and a possible sex difference , 1977, Neuropsychologia.

[76]  W. Kintsch,et al.  Memory and cognition , 1977 .

[77]  J. Baron,et al.  Use of orthographic and word-specific knowledge in reading words aloud. , 1976 .

[78]  Philip B. Gough,et al.  One Second of Reading. , 1972 .

[79]  H. Kucera,et al.  Computational analysis of present-day American English , 1967 .