Biochemical and proteomic analysis of ‘Kyoho’ grape (Vitis labruscana) berries during cold storage

Abstract Low temperature storage is widely used to maintain the quality of postharvest fruit and extend their shelf-life. In this study, changes in specific metabolites and protein expression profiles of grape berries under cold storage were investigated by liquid chromatography and proteomic studies, respectively. During cold storage, total soluble solids and reducing sugars accumulation was accompanied by a decline in organic acids and phenols contents. A comparative analysis of the proteomes of grape berries during cold storage was performed using a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomic approach. Seventy-nine differentially regulated proteins during cold storage were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and classified into eight main categories based on their biological function. Down-regulation of proteins associated with glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, and up-regulation of cell wall polysaccharide degradation-related enzymes provided molecular evidence that soluble sugar and carbohydrate metabolism play a crucial role in postharvest regulation. In addition, cold storage increased the expression abundance of several stress related proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome and antioxidant enzymes, suggesting a physiological adaptation to low temperature was induced in grape berries. This study contributes to a better understanding of the cellular events in grape berries under cold storage and provides potentially useful information for maintaining fruit quality and minimizing postharvest losses.

[1]  E. Olmos,et al.  Understanding the mechanisms of chilling injury in bell pepper fruits using the proteomic approach. , 2012, Journal of proteomics.

[2]  M. F. Drincovich,et al.  Carbon metabolism of peach fruit after harvest: changes in enzymes involved in organic acid and sugar level modifications. , 2009, Journal of experimental botany.

[3]  Yu-lin Fang,et al.  Varietal differences among the phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of four cultivars of spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) in Chongyi County (China). , 2012, Food chemistry.

[4]  P. Gray,et al.  Evaluation of the DNS method for analysing lignocellulosic hydrolysates , 2007 .

[5]  F. J. Corpas,et al.  Proteomics as an approach to the understanding of the molecular physiology of fruit development and ripening. , 2011, Journal of proteomics.

[6]  M. Hertog,et al.  Where systems biology meets postharvest , 2011 .

[7]  Shiow Y. Wang,et al.  Effect of Storage Temperatures on Fruit Quality of Various Cranberry Cultivars , 2009 .

[8]  C. Vannini,et al.  Protein extraction from grape tissues by two-dimensional electrophoresis , 2005 .

[9]  Morteza Soleimani Aghdam,et al.  Impact of salicylic acid on post-harvest physiology of horticultural crops , 2010 .

[10]  Yan Xu,et al.  Comparative proteomic analysis of Cd-responsive proteins in wheat roots , 2011, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum.

[11]  Weidong Huang,et al.  Improvement of chilling tolerance and accumulation of heat shock proteins in grape berries (Vitis vinifera cv. Jingxiu) by heat pretreatment , 2005 .

[12]  Ze Yun,et al.  Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of citrus fruit, to improve understanding of the effect of low temperature on maintaining fruit quality during lengthy post-harvest storage , 2012, Journal of experimental botany.

[13]  N. Karp,et al.  Gel-based proteomics approach to the study of metabolic changes in pear tissue during storage. , 2009, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[14]  M. F. Drincovich,et al.  Biochemical and proteomic analysis of 'Dixiland' peach fruit (Prunus persica) upon heat treatment. , 2009, Journal of experimental botany.

[15]  Zhengqiang Ma,et al.  Differential proteomic analysis of proteins in wheat spikes induced by Fusarium graminearum , 2005, Proteomics.

[16]  Proteomic changes and endophytic micromycota during storage of organically and conventionally grown carrots , 2013 .

[17]  J. Labavitch,et al.  Cell wall metabolism during maturation, ripening and senescence of peach fruit. , 2004, Journal of experimental botany.

[18]  Francisco B. Flores,et al.  Physiological, hormonal and molecular mechanisms regulating chilling injury in horticultural species. Postharvest technologies applied to reduce its impact , 2009 .

[19]  Ze Yun,et al.  Comparative proteomics analysis of differentially accumulated proteins in juice sacs of ponkan (Citrus reticulata) fruit during postharvest cold storage , 2010 .

[20]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[21]  F. Lajolo,et al.  Physico-chemical changes related to quality of five strawberry fruit cultivars during cool-storage , 2003 .

[22]  F. Artés,et al.  Alternative atmosphere treatments for keeping quality of ‘Autumn seedless’ table grapes during long-term cold storage , 2004 .

[23]  S. Chivasa,et al.  Proteomics reveals new insights into the role of light in cadmium response in Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures , 2013, Proteomics.

[24]  N. Martínez‐Navarrete,et al.  Effect of thermal treatment and storage on the stability of organic acids and the functional value of grapefruit juice , 2010 .

[25]  J. Bai,et al.  Chilling-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in mume (Prunus mume) fruit during low temperature storage , 2008 .

[26]  F. Gozzo,et al.  Proteomic analysis of banana fruit reveals proteins that are differentially accumulated during ripening , 2012 .

[27]  R. Atkinson,et al.  Biochemical and molecular characterisation of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase from ripe kiwifruit , 1998, Planta.

[28]  Xiuxin Deng,et al.  Microarray expression profiling of postharvest Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit under cold storage reveals regulatory gene candidates and implications on soluble sugars metabolism. , 2011, Journal of integrative plant biology.

[29]  J. Robben,et al.  Proteomic analysis of core breakdown disorder in Conference pears (Pyrus communis L.) , 2007, Proteomics.

[30]  Morteza Soleimani Aghdam,et al.  Physiological and biochemical mechanisms regulating chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables under postharvest salicylates and jasmonates treatments , 2013 .

[31]  A. Sabir,et al.  Quality response of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) during cold storage to postharvest cap stem excision and hot water treatments , 2013 .

[32]  Franco Biasioli,et al.  Texture dynamics during postharvest cold storage ripening in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) , 2012 .

[33]  D. Joyce,et al.  Cold storage duration affects litchi fruit quality, membrane permeability, enzyme activities and energy charge during shelf time at ambient temperature , 2011 .

[34]  Delphine Vincent,et al.  Optimization of protein extraction and solubilization for mature grape berry clusters , 2006, Electrophoresis.

[35]  B. McCleary.  β-d-Mannanase , 1988 .

[36]  Wei Wang,et al.  Protein extraction for two‐dimensional electrophoresis from olive leaf, a plant tissue containing high levels of interfering compounds , 2003, Electrophoresis.

[37]  Shaohua Li,et al.  Salicylic acid pretreatment alleviates chilling injury and affects the antioxidant system and heat shock proteins of peaches during cold storage , 2006 .

[38]  C. Merodio,et al.  Molecular analysis of the improvement in rachis quality by high CO2 levels in table grapes stored at low temperature , 2013 .

[39]  M. Hertog,et al.  Post‐harvest proteomics and food security , 2013, Proteomics.

[40]  A. Weber,et al.  Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis heat shock proteins and transcription factors reveals extensive overlap between heat and non-heat stress response pathways , 2007, BMC Genomics.

[41]  D. Lijavetzky,et al.  A DIGE-based quantitative proteomic analysis of grape berry flesh development and ripening reveals key events in sugar and organic acid metabolism. , 2011, Journal of experimental botany.