Left-Turn Lane Design and Operation

This project examined important issues related to the design and operation of left-turn lanes. It developed an analytical model for determining the queue storage lengths of left-turn lanes at signalized intersections by considering both parts of left-turn queue: (1) the vehicles that arrive during the red phase (red-phase queue), and (2) the queue of vehicles carried over from previous cycles (leftover queue). The evaluation results indicated that the developed model considerably outperforms the existing methods by providing more accurate estimates of left-turn queue lengths. In addition, a decision-making flowchart for installing multiple left-turn lanes was developed by combining the warrants in four categories: (1) capacity and volume based, (2) left-turn queue length based, (3) safety based, and (4) geometric condition based warrants. Furthermore, the safety benefits of extending the lengths of left-turn lanes were analyzed and the analysis results indicated that extending the length of left-turn lanes will significantly reduce the rear-end accident risk at intersections. Finally, this research investigated the left-turn bay taper length estimation and the impacts of signal phasing sequence on left-turn operation. It recommended using different sets of bay taper lengths for the intersections in the urban and non-urban areas and it suggested the way to select the proper signal phasing sequence for the intersections with left-turn lane overflow and/or blockage problems.

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