Clinical Applications of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques are currently becoming important diagnostic tools in medical imaging. They enable the imaging of tissue function with very good spatial resolution. In perfusion imaging by combining the use of paramagnetic contrast agents and ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging it is possible to follow the first pass circulation of the bolus through the brain. From these kind of data sets it is possible to calculate voxel-by-voxel basis synthetic maps which reflect various aspects of the hemodynamics of brain like cerebral blood volume and flow and mean-transit-time. Diffusion imaging is a powerful method to the early phase of ischemic stroke and it can detect the permanently damaged infarcted tissue earlier than conventional MRI. It also can be used to investigate the white matter tracts. By means of activation studies it is possible to localize the brain activity accurately. It is also possible to study the neuronal mechanisms of higher cognitive functions by means of fMRI. Combining activation studies with electrophysiological measurements like MEG and EEG offers an effective method to study the spatiotemporal orchestration of working brain in health and disease.

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