Imaging Sub-Unit Cell Defects and Their Evolution in a Metal-Organic Framework

Defect engineering of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offers promising opportunities for tailoring their properties to specific functions and applications. However, determining the structures of defects in MOFs — either point defects or extended ones — has proved challenging owing to the difficulty of directly probing local structures in these typically fragile crystals. Here we report the real-space observation, with sub-unit-cell resolution,

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