Dispersal in Bank voles: benefits to emigrants or to residents?

The paper revises the recent hypotheses on the evolution of dispersal behaviour in voles, namely Emigrant Fitness Hypothesis (EFH) versus Resident Fitness Hypothesis (RFH), on the basis of 3-year study on dispersal of Bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780). The studied populations lived in three types of habitats: a small island, a rich alder forest (both optimal habitats) and small patches of woods (suboptimal habitat). The island population was treated as a control for dispersal occuring in two other populations.