V2me: Evaluating the first steps in mobile friendship coaching

Life events, such as retirement or being widowed, can change the social circle of older people considerably. It may be difficult to find new social contacts when one has never got used to, or perhaps even never learnt, to seek and maintain those contacts. Loneliness has many negative effects for well-being, including depression and even cardiovascular disease. The Ambient Assisted Living Joint Programme AAL-JP research project V2me seeks to find a solution for alleviating loneliness by means of easy-to-use technology including touch screen devices. The idea is to use a virtual coach for encouraging users to take an active role in contacting people and teaching them how to initiate and maintain meaningful and enduring relations. The first step, in the process of creating the complete virtual coach-assisted system for preventing loneliness, is to create a proto type and use the feedback from older users for developing the system. In this paper we discuss the results of the first pilot and what steps need to be taken next.

[1]  Peter H. M. P. Roelofsma,et al.  Virtual Coaches and Intrinsic Motivation: The Role of Parasocial Interaction , 2012 .

[2]  이훈,et al.  지각된 유용성(Perceived Usefulness)의 영향분석 , 2004 .

[3]  A. Bandura,et al.  Social Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management , 1989 .

[4]  A. L. Baylor Promoting motivation with virtual agents and avatars: role of visual presence and appearance , 2009, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[5]  L. Berkman,et al.  Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. , 1979, American journal of epidemiology.

[6]  Andrew Sears,et al.  The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies, and Emerging Applications (Human Factors and Ergonomics Series) , 2007 .

[7]  T. Hartmann,et al.  The PSI-Process Scales. A new measure to assess the intensity and breadth of parasocial processes , 2008 .

[8]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research , 1977 .

[9]  Gary Gumpert,et al.  Inter/Media: Interpersonal Communication in a Media World , 1983 .

[10]  Fred D. Davis Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[11]  Lu Wang,et al.  Effect of a Virtual Coach on Athletes' Motivation , 2006, PERSUASIVE.

[12]  I. Ajzen The theory of planned behavior , 1991 .

[13]  Atsuo Murata,et al.  Usability of Touch-Panel Interfaces for Older Adults , 2005, Hum. Factors.

[14]  L. Taylor,et al.  Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory , 1989 .

[15]  Andrew Sears and Julie A. Jacko The human-computer interaction handbook , 2013 .

[16]  L. Hawkley,et al.  Loneliness and Health: Potential Mechanisms , 2002, Psychosomatic medicine.

[17]  Harri Oinas-Kukkonen,et al.  Persuasive Systems Design: Key Issues, Process Model, and System Features , 2009, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[18]  Robert L. Kahn,et al.  Convoys over the life course: attachment, roles, and social support , 1980 .

[19]  S. Porter,et al.  Ageing in Society: An Introduction to Social Gerontology , 1994 .

[20]  Adam N. Joinson,et al.  Looking at, looking up or keeping up with people?: motives and use of facebook , 2008, CHI.

[21]  James A Scott,et al.  Loneliness , 2011, The Lancet.

[22]  Seung-A. Annie Jin,et al.  Parasocial Interaction with an Avatar in Second Life: A Typology of the Self and an Empirical Test of the Mediating Role of Social Presence , 2010, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.

[23]  Ulrik Brandes,et al.  Social Networks , 2013, Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization.

[24]  L. Carstensen,et al.  Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and the Regulation of Emotion in the Second Half of Life , 2003 .

[25]  Dieter Ferring,et al.  Personal relationships in later life , 2007 .

[26]  Gabrijela Aleksic Virtual Coach Reaches Out To Me , 2013 .

[27]  R. Rubin,et al.  Development of parasocial interaction relationships , 1987 .

[28]  Wa Wijnand IJsselsteijn,et al.  The influence of virtual coaching on social presence and motivation in home fitnessing , 2004 .

[29]  T. Tilburg,et al.  Manual of the Loneliness Scale , 1999 .

[30]  Gerben J Westerhof,et al.  Promotion of self-management in friendship , 2012, Aging & mental health.

[31]  Dan Ding,et al.  Towards a Virtual Coach for manual wheelchair users , 2008, 2008 12th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers.

[32]  R. Rosenfeld Belief , 2012, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[33]  Pearl A. Dykstra,et al.  Older adult loneliness: myths and realities , 2009, European journal of ageing.

[34]  Kent Larson,et al.  Embedding Behavior Modification Strategies into a Consumer Electronic Device: A Case Study , 2006, UbiComp.

[35]  J. Jacko,et al.  The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications , 2002 .

[36]  Otjacques Benoit,et al.  User-centered activity management system for elderly people Empowering older people with interactive technologies to manage their activities at the retirement home , 2009, 2009 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare.

[37]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  Usability Engineering: Scenario-based Development of Human-Computer Interaction , 2001 .

[38]  Philip J. Auter Psychometric: TV that talks back: An experimental validation of a parasocial interaction scale , 1992 .

[39]  Anja Leist,et al.  Technology and Aging: Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors in ICT Use , 2011, AmI Workshops.

[40]  Gerben J Westerhof,et al.  Meeting the need to belong: predicting effects of a friendship enrichment program for older women. , 2006, The Gerontologist.

[41]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Usability engineering , 1997, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook.

[42]  Delmas W. Abbott Looking In , 2014 .

[43]  R. Davies,et al.  Social Isolation and Loneliness in Old Age: Review and Model Refinement , 1996, Ageing and Society.

[44]  F. Alpass,et al.  Loneliness, health and depression in older males , 2003, Aging & mental health.