Marine Ventures: Comparative Perspectives on the Dynamics of Early Human Approaches to the Seascapes of Tierra del Fuego and Norway

ABSTRACT The Marine Ventures project seeks to increase our understanding of the early relations between humans and the sea, especially subsistence and maritime voyaging. Through comparative analysis, we are interested in how hunter-gatherer societies have adapted to environmental, material, and social surroundings in two different, yet similar settings: the archipelagos of Scandinavia and Patagonia. The similarities and differences in the natural and cultural settings of the two regions are a valuable source for comparison that shed light on the general dynamics of human environmental interactions and regional landscape and social histories. Marine Ventures addresses these problems in four interrelated components: 1) colonizing seascapes and the dynamics of the development of marine foraging; 2) interactions between logistics (boats) and settlements; 3) dwelling types and settlement structure; and 4) legislation and heritage management. The Norway/Tierra del Fuego comparisons include a variety of distinct methodological, theoretical, and cultural heritage management approaches. The broad comparative framework of the Marine Ventures project is an approach that should be useful for archaeologists working in island and coastal settings around the world.

[1]  R. McCulloch,et al.  1. The Natural Setting The Glacial and Post-Glacial Environmental History of Fuego-Patagonia , 1998 .

[2]  H. B. Bjerck,et al.  Colonizing Seascapes: Comparative Perspectives on the Development of Maritime Relations in Scandinavia and Patagonia , 2009, ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY.

[3]  A. Zangrando.  Coastal Archaeology and Hunter-Gatherers in Southeastern Tierra del Fuego , 2010 .

[4]  B. Eriksen.  Reconsidering the geochronological framework of Lateglacial hunter-gatherer colonization of southern Scandinavia , 2002 .

[5]  W. Fitzhugh.  Biogeographical Archaeology in the Eastern North American Arctic , 1997 .

[6]  Luis Abel Orquera,et al.  The Southern Top of the World: The First Peopling of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego and the Cultural Endurance of the Fuegian Sea-Nomads , 2009, ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY.

[7]  Bjørnar J. Olsen.  In Defense of Things: Archaeology and the Ontology of Objects , 2010 .

[8]  T. Rick.  Weathering the storm: Coastal subsistence and ecological resilience on Late Holocene Santa Rosa Island, California , 2011 .

[9]  J. Barceló,et al.  Introduction: Tops of the World (TOW): The Dawn of a Concept , 2009, ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY.

[10]  L. Borrero,et al.  2. The Peopling of Patagonia The First Human Occupation , 1998 .

[11]  A. Fischer,et al.  Man and sea in the Mesolithic : coastal settlement above and below present sea level : proceedings of the international symposium, Kalundborg, Denmark 1993 , 1995 .

[12]  Emma Waterton,et al.  Heritage, Communities and Archaeology , 2009 .

[13]  T. Dillehay.  The Settlement of the Americas , 2000 .

[14]  J. Estévez.  Ethnoarchaeology in the Uttermost Part of the Earth , 2009, ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY.

[15]  F. E. Aspillaga,et al.  PALEOPATOLOGÍA Y ESTILO DE VIDA: EL EJEMPLO DE LOS CHONOS , 2006 .

[16]  B. Eriksen.  Regional variation in Late Pleistocene subsistence strategies. Southern Scandinavian reindeer hunters in a European context , 1996 .

[17]  M. Moss.  Understanding Variability in Northwest Coast Faunal Assemblages: Beyond Economic Intensification and Cultural Complexity , 2012 .

[18]  L. Straus.  Man and Sea in the Mesolithic: Coastal Settlement above and below Present Sea Level , 1997 .

[19]  M. Tomczak,et al.  ‘WHY THEY CAME’; THE COLONIZATION OF THE COAST OF WESTERN SWEDEN AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT AT THE END OF THE LAST GLACIATION , 2006 .

[20]  M. Fontugne,et al.  PRIMEROS AVANCES EN LA RECONSTRUCCION DE SECUENCIAS DE OCUPACION DE CAZADORES-RECOLECTORES MARINOS EN EL ESTRECHO DE MAGALLANES. PATAGONIA MERIDIONAL , 2009 .

[21]  K. Simonsen.  Practice, Spatiality and Embodied Emotions: An Outline of a Geography of Practice , 2007 .

[22]  P. Pirazzoli.  Sea-Level Changes: The Last 20,000 Years , 1996 .

[23]  L. Orquera.  El consumo de moluscos por los canoeros del extremo sur , 1999 .

[24]  L. Orquera,et al.  Composición de conchales de la costa del canal Beagle (Tierra del Fuego, República Argentina) - primera parte - , 2000 .

[25]  D. Yesner.  Prehistoric Maritime Adaptations of the Subarctic and Subantarctic Zones: The Aleutian/Fuegian Connection Reconsidered , 2011, ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY.

[26]  A. Zangrando,et al.  Subsistence variations and landscape use among maritime hunter-gatherers. A zooarchaeological analysis from the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) , 2011 .

[27]  J. Erlandson,et al.  The Archaeology of Aquatic Adaptations: Paradigms for a New Millennium , 2001 .

[28]  E. Bridges,et al.  Uttermost part of the earth , 1950 .

[29]  L. Borrero,et al.  Patagonia: Natural History, Prehistory, and Ethnography at the Uttermost End of the Earth , 1998 .

[30]  F. Mena,et al.  3. Middle to Late Holocene Adaptations in Patagonia , 1998 .

[31]  A. Zangrando.  Is fishing intensification a direct route to hunter-gatherer complexity? A case study from the Beagle Channel region (Tierra del Fuego, southern South America) , 2009 .

[32]  G. Ashworth,et al.  Pluralising Pasts: Heritage, Identity and Place in Multicultural Societies , 2007 .

[33]  S. Bang-Andersen.  Southwest Norway at the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition: Landscape Development, Colonization, Site Types, Settlement Patterns , 2003 .

[34]  D. Legoupil.  El sistema socioeconómico de los nómades del mar de Skyring (Archipiélago de Patagonia) , 2000 .

[35]  J. Erlandson,et al.  Oceans, Islands, and Coasts: Current Perspectives on the Role of the Sea in Human Prehistory , 2006 .

[36]  J. Oxford,et al.  Oxford , 1968, Leaving The Arena.

[37]  Luis Abel Orquera,et al.  Sea Nomads of the Beagle Channel in Southernmost South America: Over Six Thousand Years of Coastal Adaptation and Stability , 2009 .

[38]  Luis Abel Orquera.  Mid-Holocene littoral adaptation at the southern end of South America , 2005 .

[39]  Ingrid Fuglestvedt.  The Pioneer Condition on the Scandinavian Peninsula: the Last Frontier of a ‘Palaeolithic Way’ in Europe , 2012 .

[40]  Luis Abel Orquera,et al.  Littoral adaptation at the southern end of South America , 2011 .

[41]  J. L. Lanata,et al.  Archaeological and anthropological perspectives on the native peoples of Pampa, Patagonia, and Tierra del Fuego to the nineteenth century , 2002 .

[42]  L. Borrero.  Historia Evolutiva y Subsistencia de Cazadores-Recolectores Marítimos de Tierra del Fuego , 2010 .

[43]  S. Elias,et al.  The Ice Age World , 1995 .

[44]  Stefan Larsson.  Hein B. Bjerck (ed.): Leif Inge Åstveit, Trond Meling, Jostein Gundersen, Guro Jørgensen & Staale Norman: NTNU Vitenskapsmuseets Arkeologiske Undersøkelser Ormen Lange Nyhamna , 2009 .