Improving red flag instruments for public procurement

This article explores the modes of application of red flags in public procurement by comparing widely known red flag tools that have been developed by international organisations. The main items of interest are the tools designed and used by TI, the World Bank, the OECD, and others supported by the European Commission. The objective of the research is to call attention to the fact that in the course of identifying red flags it is necessary to clarify the objectives of the related instruments and the available data, while acknowledging that the former must be realistically applicable and regularly maintained.