Neue Wege in der Einzelmolekül‐Fluoreszenzspektroskopie: Herausforderungen für die Chemie und Einfluss auf die Biologie

Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt wurde eine Reihe von fluoreszenzspektroskopischen Messverfahren entwickelt, um einzelne Molekule unter verschiedenen Bedingungen zu untersuchen. Mittlerweile helfen etablierte einzelmolekulempfindliche Fluoreszenztechniken bei der Aufklarung komplexer Zusammenhange in unterschiedlichen Gebieten, von der Materialforschung bis hin zur Zellbiologie. Was fruher visionar erschien, etwa die Messung von Beweglichkeit oder strukturellen Veranderungen einzelner Motorproteine, oder der Nachweis von “Single-Copy”-Genen und die Bestimmung ihres Abstands zu Polymerase-Molekulen in den Transkriptionszentren lebender Zellen, gilt nicht langer als unlosbare Aufgabe. In diesem Aufsatz zeigen wir das Potenzial der Einzelmolekul-Fluoreszenzspektroskopie bei der Losung molekularbiologischer Probleme und diskutieren die Chancen der optischen Einzelmolekultechniken in Verbindung mit intelligenten Markierungsstrategien, um quantitative dreidimensionale Informationen uber die dynamische Organisation in lebenden Zellen zu erhalten.

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