Mycosis fungoides: report of the 2011 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology workshop.

Session 1 of the 2011 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology focused on mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common cutaneous lymphoma. The 62 cases in this case group demonstrated a wide spectrum of clinicopathologic features, including those seen in typical cases as well as those, by contrast, with atypical clinical history, morphology, immunophenotype, and/or genotype. Of the 62 cases, 27 (44%) were presented at the workshop and highlighted diagnostic challenges plus related issues. This report summarizes the approach recommended for making a confident diagnosis of MF and its clinically significant variants; emphasizes pitfalls in evaluating early MF, assessing nodal involvement, and diagnosing transformed MF; and discusses the relationship between MF and primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Last, Sézary syndrome is discussed, with concentration on those features distinct from MF.

[1]  J. Said,et al.  Mimics of cutaneous lymphoma: report of the 2011 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology workshop. , 2013, American journal of clinical pathology.

[2]  S. Swerdlow,et al.  Non-mycosis fungoides cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: report of the 2011 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology workshop. , 2013, American journal of clinical pathology.

[3]  R. Willemze,et al.  Differential expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides. , 2012, Archives of dermatology.

[4]  E. Schuuring,et al.  EuroClonality/BIOMED-2 guidelines for interpretation and reporting of Ig/TCR clonality testing in suspected lymphoproliferations , 2012, Leukemia.

[5]  M. Feinmesser,et al.  Hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides: an unusual variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with a frequent CD8+ phenotype. , 2012, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[6]  Ellen J. Kim,et al.  Peripheral blood findings in erythrodermic patients: importance for the differential diagnosis of Sézary syndrome. , 2012, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[7]  P. Hari,et al.  Immunophenotypic stability of Sézary cells by flow cytometry: usefulness of flow cytometry in assessing response to and guiding alemtuzumab therapy. , 2012, American journal of clinical pathology.

[8]  C. Geisler,et al.  Regulatory T cells and immunodeficiency in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome , 2012, Leukemia.

[9]  R. Willemze,et al.  Prognostic factors in transformed mycosis fungoides: a retrospective analysis of 100 cases. , 2012, Blood.

[10]  J. Wisell.  Poikilodermatous mycosis fungoides: A study of its clinicopathological, immunophenotypic, and prognostic features , 2012 .

[11]  J. Wisell.  Specificity of IRF4 translocations for primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a multicenter study of 204 skin biopsies , 2012 .

[12]  E. Jaffe,et al.  Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with aberrant expression of CD30, CD15, and CD20. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[13]  S. Ansell,et al.  Programmed death 1 is expressed in cutaneous infiltrates of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome , 2011, American journal of hematology.

[14]  J. Q. Rosso,et al.  Paucity of intraepidermal FoxP3-positive T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in contrast with spongiotic and lichenoid dermatitis , 2011 .

[15]  Katherine G. Evans,et al.  Increased programmed death-1 expression on CD4+ T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: implications for immune suppression. , 2010, Archives of dermatology.

[16]  J. Scarisbrick,et al.  Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome: validation of the revised International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer staging proposal. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[17]  J. Tschen,et al.  Early-stage mycosis fungoides variants: case-based review. , 2010, Annals of diagnostic pathology.

[18]  James J. Campbell,et al.  Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides arise from distinct T-cell subsets: a biologic rationale for their distinct clinical behaviors. , 2010, Blood.

[19]  Z. Argényi,et al.  A Variant of Lymphomatoid Papulosis Simulating Primary Cutaneous Aggressive Epidermotropic CD8+ Cytotoxic T-cell Lymphoma. Description of 9 Cases , 2010, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[20]  Andrew H. Beck,et al.  Combined use of PCR-based TCRG and TCRB clonality tests on paraffin-embedded skin tissue in the differential diagnosis of mycosis fungoides and inflammatory dermatoses. , 2010, The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD.

[21]  T. Jouary,et al.  IRF4 gene rearrangements define a subgroup of CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a study of 54 cases. , 2010, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[22]  S. Stein,et al.  Mycosis Fungoides in the Pediatric Population: Report from an International Childhood Registry of Cutaneous Lymphoma , 2010, Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[23]  E. Papadavid,et al.  Clinical characteristics and course of CD8+ cytotoxic variant of mycosis fungoides: a case series of seven patients , 2009, The British journal of dermatology.

[24]  R. Willemze,et al.  Diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of phenotypic markers TRAF1, MUM1, BCL2 and CD15 in cutaneous CD30‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders , 2009, The British journal of dermatology.

[25]  R. Dummer,et al.  Granulomatous mycosis fungoides and granulomatous slack skin: a multicenter study of the Cutaneous Lymphoma Histopathology Task Force Group of the European Organization For Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). , 2008, Archives of dermatology.

[26]  S. Lade,et al.  Long-term outcomes of patients with advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and large cell transformation. , 2008, Blood.

[27]  C. Massone,et al.  The prognosis of early mycosis fungoides is not influenced by phenotype and T‐cell clonality , 2008, The British journal of dermatology.

[28]  R. Hoppe,et al.  Clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes in Woringer-Kolopp disease. , 2008, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[29]  I. Zalaudek,et al.  Regarding the algorithm for the diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides proposed by the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas: suggestions from routine histopathology practice , 2008, Journal of cutaneous pathology.

[30]  W. Wilson,et al.  Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome , 2008, The Lancet.

[31]  P. Quaglino,et al.  Heterogeneity of Circulating CD4+ Memory T-Cell Subsets in Erythrodermic Patients: CD27 Analysis Can Help to Distinguish Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas from Inflammatory Erythroderma , 2008, Dermatology.

[32]  A. Banham,et al.  Is FOXP3 expressed in cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas? , 2007, European journal of haematology.

[33]  B. Thiers.  Revisions to the staging and classification of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: a proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the cutaneous lymphoma task force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) , 2008 .

[34]  J. Zehnder,et al.  T-cell clonality analysis in biopsy specimens from two different skin sites shows high specificity in the diagnosis of patients with suggested mycosis fungoides. , 2007, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[35]  K. Rossen,et al.  FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: association with disease stage and survival , 2007, Leukemia.

[36]  L. Thomas,et al.  Transformed mycosis fungoides: clinicopathological features and outcome , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[37]  J. Guitart,et al.  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoid dyscrasia: a unifying term for idiopathic chronic dermatoses with persistent T-cell clones. , 2007, Archives of dermatology.

[38]  H. Schulze,et al.  Regulatory T‐cell phenotype in association with large cell transformation of mycosis fungoides , 2007, European journal of haematology.

[39]  Nicola Pimpinelli,et al.  Defining early mycosis fungoides. , 2005, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[40]  Nicola Pimpinelli,et al.  WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. , 2005, Blood.

[41]  C. Massone,et al.  Histopathologic Features of Early (Patch) Lesions of Mycosis Fungoides: A Morphologic Study on 745 Biopsy Specimens From 427 Patients , 2005, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[42]  L. Wilson,et al.  The pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[43]  S. Serrano,et al.  Lymphomatoid papulosis associated with mycosis fungoides: clinicopathological and molecular studies of 12 cases. , 2004, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[44]  E. Jaffe,et al.  Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas Expressing CD30 and CD15 , 2003, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[45]  S. Whittaker,et al.  Outcome in 34 patients with juvenile‐onset mycosis fungoides , 2003, Cancer.

[46]  A. Varghese,et al.  Long-term outcome of 525 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: clinical prognostic factors and risk for disease progression. , 2003, Archives of dermatology.

[47]  L. Cerroni,et al.  Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides: Frequent Expression of a CD8+ T-Cell Phenotype , 2002, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[48]  R. Willemze,et al.  Follicular mycosis fungoides, a distinct disease entity with or without associated follicular mucinosis: a clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 51 patients. , 2002, Archives of dermatology.

[49]  G. Burg,et al.  Update on erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: report of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas. , 2002, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[50]  N. Dang,et al.  Absence of CD26 expression is a useful marker for diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma in peripheral blood. , 2001, American journal of clinical pathology.

[51]  A. de Matteis,et al.  The relevance of the CD4+ CD26– subset in the identification of circulating Sézary cells , 2001, The British journal of dermatology.

[52]  C. Meijer,et al.  Primary and secondary cutaneous CD30+lymphoproliferative disorders: a report from the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group on the long-term follow-up data of 219 patients and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment , 2000 .

[53]  R. Warnke,et al.  Pagetoid Reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp Disease): An Immunophenotypic, Molecular, and Clinicopathologic Study , 2000, Modern Pathology.

[54]  T. Petrella,et al.  Transformation of mycosis fungoides: clinicopathological and prognostic features of 45 cases. French Study Group of Cutaneious Lymphomas. , 2000, Blood.

[55]  P W Heald,et al.  Unilesional cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: clinical features, therapy, and follow-up of 10 patients with a treatment-responsive mycosis fungoides variant. , 2000, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[56]  F. Facchetti,et al.  Nonlymphoid intraepidermal mononuclear cell collections (pseudo-Pautrier abscesses): a morphologic and immunophenotypical characterization. , 2000, The American Journal of dermatopathology.

[57]  C. Meijer,et al.  Primary cutaneous CD8-positive epidermotropic cytotoxic T cell lymphomas. A distinct clinicopathological entity with an aggressive clinical behavior. , 1999, The American journal of pathology.

[58]  R. Kurzrock,et al.  Transformation of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome: clinical characteristics and prognosis. , 1998, Blood.

[59]  A. Varghese,et al.  Mycosis fungoides in young patients: clinical characteristics and outcome. , 1998, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[60]  P. E. Shapiro,et al.  The Histologic Spectrum of Mycosis Fungoides/Sézary Syndrome (Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma): A Review of 222 Biopsies, Including Newly Described Patterns and the Earliest Pathologic Changes , 1994, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[61]  B. Nathwani,et al.  Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma , 1989, Cancer.

[62]  R. Willemze,et al.  The prognosis of patients with lymphomatoid papulosis associated with malignant lymphomas , 1992, The British journal of dermatology.

[63]  H. Kerl,et al.  Clinicopathologic and Immunologic Features Associated With Transformation of Mycosis Fungoides to Large‐Cell Lymphoma , 1992, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[64]  E. Ralfkiaer,et al.  Immunohistological markers for the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphomas. , 1991, Seminars in diagnostic pathology.

[65]  J. Greer,et al.  Transformation of cutaneous T cell lymphoma to large cell lymphoma. A clinicopathologic and immunologic study. , 1988, The American journal of pathology.

[66]  P. Wallner,et al.  Prognostic significance of cytomorphology in the cutaneous t‐cell lymphomas , 1981, Cancer.

[67]  H. Goldberg.  Mycosis fungoides. , 1972, Archives of dermatology.