Integer cum fractional ordered active-adaptive synchronisation to control vasospasm in chaotic blood vessels to reduce risk of COVID-19 infections

Chaotic states of abnormal vasospasms in blood vessels make heart patients more prone to severe infections of COVID-19, eventually leading to high fatalities. To understand the inherent dynamics of such abrupt vasospasms, an N-type blood vessel model (NBVM) subjected to uncertainties is derived in this paper and investigated both in integer order (IO) as well as fractional-order (FO) dynamics. Active-adaptive controllers are designed to synchronize the chaotic turbulence responsible for undesirable fluctuations in diameter and pressure variations of the blood vessel. The FO-NBVM reveals insightful rich dynamics and faster adaptive synchronization compared to its IO model. The practical implications of this work will be useful in analysing chaotic dysfunctionalities of the blood vessel such as vasoconstriction, ischaemia, necrosis, etc. and help in developing control strategies and modular responses for COVID-19 triggered heart diseases. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

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