Enhanced Performance of a ZnO Nanowire‐Based Self‐Powered Glucose Sensor by Piezotronic Effect

A self‐powered, piezotronic effect‐enhanced glucose sensor based on metal‐semiconductor‐metal (M–S–M) structured single ZnO nanowire device is demonstrated. A triboelectrical nanogenerator (TENG) is integrated to build a self‐powered glucose monitoring system (GMS) to realize the continuously monitoring of glucose concentrations. The performance of the glucose sensor is generally enhanced by the piezotronic effect when applying a –0.79% compressive strain on the device, and magnitude of the output signal is increased by more than 200%; the sensing resolution and sensitivity of sensors are improved by more than 200% and 300%, respectively. A theoretical model using energy band diagram is proposed to explain the observed results. This work demonstrates a promising approach to raise the sensitivity, improve the sensing resolution, and generally enhance the performance of glucose sensors, also providing a possible way to build up a self‐powered GMS.

[1]  J. Zen,et al.  A glucose sensor made of an enzymatic clay-modified electrode and methyl viologen mediator. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[2]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Nanobelts of Semiconducting Oxides , 2001, Science.

[3]  Jasmin Shah,et al.  Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Biological Warfare Agents , 2003 .

[4]  Charles M. Lieber,et al.  Nanowire-based biosensors. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  C. M. Li,et al.  Tailoring Zinc Oxide Nanowires for High Performance Amperometric Glucose Sensor , 2007 .

[6]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Flexible piezotronic strain sensor. , 2008, Nano letters.

[7]  Adam Heller,et al.  Electrochemical glucose sensors and their applications in diabetes management. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[8]  Joseph Wang.  Electrochemical glucose biosensors. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[9]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Gigantic enhancement in response and reset time of ZnO UV nanosensor by utilizing Schottky contact and surface functionalization. , 2009, Applied physics letters.

[10]  K. Vahala,et al.  Optomechanical crystals , 2009, Nature.

[11]  Zhong-Lin Wang,et al.  Schottky‐Gated Probe‐Free ZnO Nanowire Biosensor , 2009, Advances in Materials.

[12]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Aligned ZnO nanorods: a useful film to fabricate amperometric glucose biosensor. , 2009, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[13]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  Ultra-Sensitivity Glucose Sensor Based on Field Emitters , 2009, Nanoscale research letters.

[14]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Power generation with laterally packaged piezoelectric fine wires. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[15]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Gigantic enhancement in sensitivity using Schottky contacted nanowire nanosensor. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[16]  Caofeng Pan,et al.  A Single ZnO Nanofiber-Based Highly Sensitive Amperometric Glucose Biosensor , 2010 .

[17]  Zhong Lin Wang.  Piezopotential gated nanowire devices: Piezotronics and piezo-phototronics , 2010 .

[18]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Enhancing sensitivity of a single ZnO micro-/nanowire photodetector by piezo-phototronic effect. , 2010, ACS nano.

[19]  Lei Wang,et al.  Effects of morphology of nanostructured ZnO on direct electrochemistry and biosensing properties of glucose oxidase , 2011 .

[20]  Zafar Hussain Ibupoto,et al.  Selective determination of urea using urease immobilized on ZnO nanowires , 2011 .

[21]  Omer Nur,et al.  Wireless Remote Monitoring of Glucose Using a Functionalized ZnO Nanowire Arrays Based Sensor , 2011, Sensors.

[22]  Sangsig Kim,et al.  Enzyme-free glucose sensors with channels composed of necked ZnO nanoparticles on plastic , 2011 .

[23]  G. R. Chaudhary,et al.  Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Well-Crystallized ZnO Nanoparticles , 2012 .

[24]  Xuemei Wang,et al.  ZnO/Cu nanocomposite: a platform for direct electrochemistry of enzymes and biosensing applications. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[25]  Tae Geun Kim,et al.  Enhanced glucose detection using enzyme-immobilized ZnO/ZnS core/sheath nanowires , 2012 .

[26]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Progress in nanogenerators for portable electronics , 2012 .

[27]  Caofeng Pan,et al.  Piezotronic Effect on the Transport Properties of GaN Nanobelts for Active Flexible Electronics , 2012, Advanced materials.

[28]  C. Satriano,et al.  Ultrathin and nanostructured ZnO-based films for fluorescence biosensing applications. , 2012, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[29]  Zhong‐Lin Wang,et al.  Progress in Piezotronics and Piezo‐Phototronics , 2012, Advanced materials.

[30]  Caofeng Pan,et al.  Triboelectric-generator-driven pulse electrodeposition for micropatterning. , 2012, Nano letters.

[31]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  High performance of ZnO nanowire protein sensors enhanced by the piezotronic effect , 2013 .