Role of Graphene in Water-Assisted Oxidation of Copper in Relation to Dry Transfer of Graphene

The process of oxidation of a copper surface coated by a layer of graphene in water-saturated air at 50 °C was studied where it was observed that oxidation started at the graphene edge and was complete after 24 h. Isotope labeling of the oxygen gas and water showed that the oxygen in the formed copper oxides originated from water and not from the oxygen in air for both Cu and graphene-coated Cu, and this has interesting potential implications for graphene as a protective coating for Cu in dry air conditions. We propose a reaction pathway where surface hydroxyl groups formed at graphene edges and defects induce the oxidation of Cu. DFT simulation shows that the binding energy between graphene and the oxidized Cu substrate is smaller than that for the bare Cu substrate, which facilitates delamination of the graphene. Using this process, dry transfer is demonstrated using poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) as the support layer. The high quality of the transferred graphene is demonstrated from Raman maps, XPS, ...

[1]  Peter Bøggild,et al.  Copper Oxidation through Nucleation Sites of Chemical Vapor Deposited Graphene , 2016 .

[2]  Lin Gan,et al.  Detaching graphene from copper substrate by oxidation-assisted water intercalation , 2016 .

[3]  K. Loh,et al.  Analyzing Dirac Cone and Phonon Dispersion in Highly Oriented Nanocrystalline Graphene. , 2016, ACS nano.

[4]  Ankanahalli Shankaregowda Smitha,et al.  Roll‐to‐Roll Green Transfer of CVD Graphene onto Plastic for a Transparent and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator , 2015, Advanced materials.

[5]  C. Stampfer,et al.  Ultrahigh-mobility graphene devices from chemical vapor deposition on reusable copper , 2015, Science Advances.

[6]  Eric J. Sawyer,et al.  Metal-assisted exfoliation (MAE): green, roll-to-roll compatible method for transferring graphene to flexible substrates , 2015, Nanotechnology.

[7]  T. Pham,et al.  Comparing Graphene Growth on Cu(111) versus Oxidized Cu(111) , 2015, Nano letters.

[8]  Joshua A. Kaitz,et al.  Annealing free, clean graphene transfer using alternative polymer scaffolds , 2015, Nanotechnology.

[9]  Huabo Zhao,et al.  Evolution of the Raman spectrum of graphene grown on copper upon oxidation of the substrate , 2014, Nano Research.

[10]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Water Splitting over Graphene-Based Catalysts: Ab Initio Calculations , 2014 .

[11]  R. Moroni,et al.  In situ fabrication of quasi-free-standing epitaxial graphene nanoflakes on gold. , 2014, ACS nano.

[12]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Direct delamination of graphene for high-performance plastic electronics. , 2014, Small.

[13]  C. Dimitrakopoulos,et al.  Layer-Resolved Graphene Transfer via Engineered Strain Layers , 2013, Science.

[14]  Wanlin Guo,et al.  Effects of graphene coating and charge injection on water adsorption of solid surfaces. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[15]  Haitao Liu,et al.  Effect of airborne contaminants on the wettability of supported graphene and graphite. , 2013, Nature materials.

[16]  H. Mamgain,et al.  A facile process for soak-and-peel delamination of CVD graphene from substrates using water , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[17]  Haitao Liu,et al.  Enhanced room-temperature corrosion of copper in the presence of graphene. , 2013, ACS nano.

[18]  Carl W. Magnuson,et al.  Non-destructive and rapid evaluation of chemical vapor deposition graphene by dark field optical microscopy , 2013 .

[19]  William Regan,et al.  Graphene as a long-term metal oxidation barrier: worse than nothing. , 2013, ACS nano.

[20]  Xiaodong Chen,et al.  Ambient Fabrication of Large‐Area Graphene Films via a Synchronous Reduction and Assembly Strategy , 2013, Advanced materials.

[21]  D. Basko,et al.  Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene. , 2013, Nature nanotechnology.

[22]  N. Lavrik,et al.  Large scale atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of graphene , 2013 .

[23]  Shuo‐Wang Yang,et al.  Graphene layers on Cu and Ni (111) surfaces in layer controlled graphene growth , 2013 .

[24]  Eun Sung Kim,et al.  Probing graphene grain boundaries with optical microscopy , 2012, Nature.

[25]  B. Hong,et al.  Graphene transfer: key for applications. , 2012, Nanoscale.

[26]  E. Riedo,et al.  Room-temperature metastability of multilayer graphene oxide films. , 2012, Nature materials.

[27]  Y. Hernández,et al.  Decoupling of CVD graphene by controlled oxidation of recrystallized Cu , 2012 .

[28]  B. Cho,et al.  Direct measurement of adhesion energy of monolayer graphene as-grown on copper and its application to renewable transfer process. , 2012, Nano letters.

[29]  Ji Feng,et al.  Influence of water on the electronic structure of metal supported graphene: Insight from van der Waals density functional theory , 2012 .

[30]  C. Jin,et al.  Graphene annealing: how clean can it be? , 2012, Nano letters.

[31]  S. Ryu,et al.  Optical separation of mechanical strain from charge doping in graphene , 2012, Nature Communications.

[32]  K. Loh,et al.  Electrochemical delamination of CVD-grown graphene film: toward the recyclable use of copper catalyst. , 2011, ACS nano.

[33]  Robert M. Wallace,et al.  The effect of chemical residues on the physical and electrical properties of chemical vapor deposited graphene transferred to SiO2 , 2011 .

[34]  Jyhfu Lee,et al.  Water Adsorption and Dissociation on Cu Nanoparticles , 2011 .

[35]  Po-Wen Chiu,et al.  Clean transfer of graphene for isolation and suspension. , 2011, ACS nano.

[36]  Luigi Colombo,et al.  Large-area graphene single crystals grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of methane on copper. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[37]  Carl W. Magnuson,et al.  Oxidation resistance of graphene-coated Cu and Cu/Ni alloy. , 2010, ACS nano.

[38]  M. Galván-Arellano,et al.  Photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction studies on Cu2O , 2009 .

[39]  R. Piner,et al.  Transfer of large-area graphene films for high-performance transparent conductive electrodes. , 2009, Nano letters.

[40]  M. J. Graham,et al.  Water Corrodes Copper , 2009 .

[41]  S. Banerjee,et al.  Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils , 2009, Science.

[42]  H. Ogasawara,et al.  Autocatalytic water dissociation on Cu(110) at near ambient conditions. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[43]  Ilia Platzman,et al.  Oxidation of Polycrystalline Copper Thin Films at Ambient Conditions , 2008 .

[44]  P. Kim,et al.  Electric field effect tuning of electron-phonon coupling in graphene. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[45]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[46]  K. Novoselov,et al.  Two-dimensional atomic crystals. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[47]  H. Steinrück,et al.  Low-temperature partial dissociation of water on Cu(110) , 2003 .

[48]  Peter Y. Yu,et al.  Resonance Raman studies in Cu_{2}O. I. The phonon-assisted 1 s yellow excitonic absorption edge , 1975 .

[49]  Sung‐Yool Choi,et al.  Metal-etching-free direct delamination and transfer of single-layer graphene with a high degree of freedom. , 2015, Small.

[50]  B. Özyilmaz,et al.  'Bubble-free' electrochemical delamination of CVD graphene films. , 2015, Small.

[51]  R. Ruoff,et al.  The chemistry of graphene oxide. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[52]  R. Haugsrud.  The Influence of Water Vapor on the Oxidation of Copper at Intermediate Temperatures , 2002 .