Multi-User Beamforming and Ground Station Deployment for 5G Direct Air-to-Ground Communication

On-board of aircraft is one of the last venues without high-speed connectivity, which makes it an important problem to address for both industry and academia. To this end, direct air-to-ground communications (DA2GC), where communication link is provided via direct link between aircraft and ground station, is a promising solution to provide high capacity and low latency backhaul capacity for aircraft. In this paper, we investigate the ground station deployment problem to provide 1.2 Gbps average backhaul capacity for each aircraft. The feasible operation points for the key network parameters: the number of ground stations, antenna array size, transmit power and bandwidth, are calculated. In addition, we propose a multi-user beamforming algorithm for dual-polarized hybrid DA2GC antenna arrays, and derive a tractable expression for the DA2GC cell throughput.

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