Near-to-Far Field Transformations for Radiative and Guided Waves

Light emitters or scatterers embedded in stratified media may couple energy to both free-space modes and guided modes of the stratified structure. For a comprehensive analysis, it is important to evaluate the angular intensity distribution of both the free-space modes and guided modes excited in such systems. In the present work, we propose an original method based on Lorentz reciprocity theorem to efficiently calculate the free-space and guided radiation diagrams with a high accuracy from the sole knowledge of the near-field around the emitters or scatterers. Compared to conventional near-to-far field transformation techniques, the proposal allows one to easily evaluate the guided-mode radiation diagrams, even if material dissipation is present in the stack, and thus to simultaneously track the coupling of light to all channels (i.e., free-space and guided ones). We also provide an open-source code that may be used with essentially any Maxwell’s equation solver. The numerical tool may help to engineer va...

[1]  A. Polman,et al.  Directional emission from a single plasmonic scatterer , 2014, Nature Communications.

[2]  Philippe Lalanne,et al.  Aperiodic-Fourier modal method for analysis of body-of-revolution photonic structures. , 2014, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[3]  F. J. García de abajo,et al.  Plasmon scattering from single subwavelength holes. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[4]  M. Besbes,et al.  Improved light extraction with nano-particles offering directional radiation diagrams , 2014 .

[5]  Domenico Pacifici,et al.  Plasmonic nanostructure design for efficient light coupling into solar cells. , 2008, Nano letters.

[6]  P. Chu,et al.  Light-emitting diodes enhanced by localized surface plasmon resonance , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[7]  S. Bozhevolnyi,et al.  Quantum Emitters near Layered Plasmonic Nanostructures: Decay Rate Contributions , 2015, 1609.04681.

[8]  P. Lalanne,et al.  A microscopic view of the electromagnetic properties of sub-λ metallic surfaces , 2009 .

[9]  O. Martin,et al.  Green's tensor technique for scattering in two-dimensional stratified media. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[10]  H. Atwater,et al.  Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices. , 2010, Nature materials.

[11]  I. Brener,et al.  Tailoring directional scattering through magnetic and electric resonances in subwavelength silicon nanodisks. , 2013, ACS nano.

[12]  G. Arfken Mathematical Methods for Physicists , 1967 .

[13]  J. Zenneck Über die Fortpflanzung ebener elektromagnetischer Wellen längs einer ebenen Leiterfläche und ihre Beziehung zur drahtlosen Telegraphie , 1907 .

[14]  Q. Gong,et al.  Efficient directional excitation of surface plasmons by a single-element nanoantenna. , 2015, Nano letters.

[15]  P. Biagioni,et al.  Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation , 2011, Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society.

[16]  Jean-Paul Hugonin,et al.  Very Large Spontaneous-Emission β Factors in Photonic-Crystal Waveguides , 2007 .

[17]  John E. Sipe,et al.  New Green-function formalism for surface optics , 1987 .

[18]  A. Polman,et al.  Optical properties of single plasmonic holes probed with local electron beam excitation. , 2014, ACS nano.

[19]  Philippe Lalanne,et al.  Perfectly matched layers as nonlinear coordinate transforms: a generalized formalization. , 2005, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[20]  Quenching, Plasmonic, and Radiative Decays in Nanogap Emitting Devices , 2015, 1510.06693.

[21]  G. Stewart Optical Waveguide Theory , 1983, Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications.

[22]  Marta Castro-López,et al.  Multipolar interference for directed light emission. , 2014, Nano letters.

[23]  Attenuation coefficient of single-mode periodic waveguides. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[24]  Xiang Zhang,et al.  Compact magnetic antennas for directional excitation of surface plasmons. , 2012, Nano letters.

[25]  Erez Hasman,et al.  Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements , 2014, Science.

[26]  A. I. Zhmakin Enhancement of light extraction from light emitting diodes , 2011 .

[27]  Moon-Ho Jo,et al.  Near-field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single plasmon sources , 2009, Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.

[28]  K. Demarest,et al.  An FDTD near- to far-zone transformation for scatterers buried in stratified grounds , 1996 .

[29]  N. Yu,et al.  Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction , 2011, Science.

[30]  Jean-Paul Hugonin,et al.  Cooperative electromagnetic interactions between nanoparticles for solar energy harvesting. , 2014, Optics express.

[31]  J P Hugonin,et al.  Use of grating theories in integrated optics. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[32]  P. Nordlander,et al.  Bethe-hole polarization analyser for the magnetic vector of light , 2011, Nature communications.

[33]  Guoxing Zheng,et al.  Metasurface holograms reaching 80% efficiency. , 2015, Nature nanotechnology.

[34]  P. Lalanne,et al.  Surface Plasmon Generation by Subwavelength Isolated Objects , 2008, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[35]  David R. Smith,et al.  Probing the mechanisms of large Purcell enhancement in plasmonic nanoantennas , 2014, Nature Photonics.

[36]  P Lalanne,et al.  Theoretical and computational concepts for periodic optical waveguides. , 2007, Optics express.