Double-image encryption without information disclosure using phase-truncation Fourier transforms and a random amplitude mask.

We present a study about information disclosure in phase-truncation-based cryptosystems. The main information of the original image to be encoded can be obtained by using a decryption key in the worst case. The problem cannot be thoroughly solved by imaginary part truncating, keeping the encryption keys as private keys, or applying different phase keys for different plaintexts during each encryption process as well as the phase modulation in the frequency domain. In order to eliminate the risk of unintended information disclosure, we further propose a nonlinear spatial and spectral encoding technique using a random amplitude mask (RAM). The encryption process involving two security layers can be fully controlled by a RAM. The spatial encoding of the plaintext images and the simultaneous encryption of the plaintext images and the encryption key greatly enhance the security of system, avoiding several attacks that have cracked the phase-truncation-based cryptosystems. Besides, the hybrid encryption system retains the advantage of a trap door one-way function of phase truncation. Numerical results have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed encryption algorithm.

[1]  Naveen K Nishchal,et al.  Image encryption based on interference that uses fractional Fourier domain asymmetric keys. , 2012, Applied optics.

[2]  Xiang Peng,et al.  Asymmetric cryptosystem based on phase-truncated Fourier transforms. , 2010, Optics letters.

[3]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Resistance of the double random phase encryption against various attacks. , 2007, Optics express.

[4]  Qu Wang,et al.  Double image encryption based on phase-amplitude mixed encoding and multistage phase encoding in gyrator transform domains , 2013 .

[5]  Bo Wang,et al.  Optical image encryption based on interference. , 2008, Optics letters.

[6]  Jingjuan Zhang,et al.  Multiple-image encryption by wavelength multiplexing. , 2005, Optics letters.

[7]  B Javidi,et al.  Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding. , 1995, Optics letters.

[8]  Daomu Zhao,et al.  Double images encryption method with resistance against the specific attack based on an asymmetric algorithm. , 2012, Optics express.

[9]  Naveen K. Nishchal,et al.  Known-plaintext attack on encryption domain independent optical asymmetric cryptosystem , 2013 .

[10]  Arturo Carnicer,et al.  Vulnerability to chosen-cyphertext attacks of optical encryption schemes based on double random phase keys. , 2005, Optics letters.

[11]  Ayman Alfalou,et al.  Double random phase encryption scheme to multiplex and simultaneous encode multiple images. , 2009, Applied optics.

[12]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Optical encryption using a joint transform correlator architecture , 2000 .

[13]  Ayman Alfalou,et al.  Optical image compression and encryption methods , 2009 .

[14]  John T. Sheridan,et al.  Optical image encryption by random shifting in fractional Fourier domains. , 2003, Optics letters.

[15]  Hsuan T. Chang,et al.  Fully-phase asymmetric-image verification system based on joint transform correlator. , 2006, Optics express.

[16]  Qu Wang,et al.  Multiple-image encryption using polarized light encoding and the optical interference principle in the Fresnel-transform domain. , 2013, Applied optics.

[17]  Wen Chen,et al.  Security-enhanced interference-based optical image encryption , 2013 .

[18]  Ting Liu,et al.  Double-image encryption based on the affine transform and the gyrator transform , 2010 .

[19]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Polarization encoding for optical security systems , 2000 .

[20]  Roberto Torroba,et al.  Optical encryption and QR codes: secure and noise-free information retrieval. , 2013, Optics express.

[21]  Xudong Chen,et al.  Optical image encryption based on diffractive imaging. , 2010, Optics letters.

[22]  Wei Liu,et al.  Asymmetric cryptosystem by using modular arithmetic operation based on double random phase encoding , 2013 .

[23]  Qu Wang,et al.  Double image encryption based on linear blend operation and random phase encoding in fractional Fourier domain , 2012 .

[24]  Wenqi He,et al.  A hybrid strategy for cryptanalysis of optical encryption based on double-random phase–amplitude encoding , 2012 .

[25]  Unnikrishnan Gopinathan,et al.  A known-plaintext heuristic attack on the Fourier plane encryption algorithm. , 2006, Optics express.

[26]  Naveen K Nishchal,et al.  Asymmetric color cryptosystem using polarization selective diffractive optical element and structured phase mask. , 2012, Applied optics.

[27]  G. Unnikrishnan,et al.  Optical encryption by double-random phase encoding in the fractional Fourier domain. , 2000, Optics letters.

[28]  Wenqi He,et al.  Optical hierarchical authentication based on interference and hash function. , 2012, Applied optics.

[29]  Myrian Tebaldi,et al.  Experimental multiplexing of encrypted movies using a JTC architecture. , 2012, Optics express.

[30]  Zhengjun Liu,et al.  Double image encryption based on iterative fractional Fourier transform , 2007 .

[31]  Daomu Zhao,et al.  Amplitude-phase retrieval attack free cryptosystem based on direct attack to phase-truncated Fourier-transform-based encryption using a random amplitude mask. , 2013, Optics letters.

[32]  Peng Zhang,et al.  Chosen-plaintext attack on lensless double-random phase encoding in the Fresnel domain. , 2006, Optics letters.

[33]  Xiangling Ding,et al.  Security improvement for asymmetric cryptosystem based on spherical wave illumination. , 2013, Applied optics.

[34]  Wen Chen,et al.  Optical color image encryption based on an asymmetric cryptosystem in the Fresnel domain , 2011 .

[35]  Myrian Tebaldi,et al.  Known-plaintext attack on a joint transform correlator encrypting system. , 2010, Optics letters.

[36]  Kehar Singh,et al.  Optical image encryption using a jigsaw transform for silhouette removal in interference-based methods and decryption with a single spatial light modulator. , 2011, Applied optics.

[37]  Isha Mehra,et al.  Asymmetric cryptosystem for securing multiple images using two beam interference phenomenon , 2014 .

[38]  Ting Liu,et al.  Color image encryption by using Arnold transform and color-blend operation in discrete cosine transform domains , 2011 .

[39]  Jingjuan Zhang,et al.  Double random-phase encoding in the Fresnel domain. , 2004, Optics letters.

[40]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  A special attack on the asymmetric cryptosystem based on phase-truncated Fourier transforms , 2012 .

[41]  Isha Mehra,et al.  Collision in Fresnel domain asymmetric cryptosystem using phase truncation and authentication verification , 2013 .

[42]  Chenggen Quan,et al.  Optical color image encryption based on Arnold transform and interference method , 2009 .

[43]  Zhengjun Liu,et al.  Asymmetric cryptosystem using random binary phase modulation based on mixture retrieval type of Yang-Gu algorithm. , 2013, Optics letters.

[44]  Muhammad Rafiq Abuturab.  Security enhancement of color image cryptosystem by optical interference principle and spiral phase encoding. , 2013, Applied optics.