Evidence-based methods to improve anaesthesia and intensive care.

This review concerns the application of the methods of clinical epidemiology to problems in anaesthesia and intensive care. It explores the quality of evidence to guide clinical decision-making and health policy provided by experimental and various non-experimental research designs. Ten recent publications in anaesthesia and intensive care are analysed to provide relevant examples.

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[8]  C. Sirio Evidence based medicine: how to use articles about harm: where are the emperor's clothes? , 1997, Critical care medicine.

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[13]  P. Greenberg The interpretation of clinical trials , 1997 .

[14]  Moore,et al.  Propofol and bradycardia: causation, frequency and severity. , 1997, British journal of anaesthesia.

[15]  E. Kalso,et al.  Pain relief from intra-articular morphine after knee surgery: a qualitative systematic review , 1997, Pain.

[16]  C. Warlow,et al.  Local versus general anaesthesia in carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review of the evidence. , 1997, European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery.

[17]  D. Carroll,et al.  Paracetamol with and without codeine in acute pain: a quantitative systematic review , 1997, Pain.

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[19]  M. Ercan,et al.  Intraarticular morphine administration provides pain relief after knee arthroscopy. , 1997, European journal of anaesthesiology.

[20]  M. Tramèr,et al.  Propofol anaesthesia and postoperative nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled studies. , 1997, British journal of anaesthesia.

[21]  M. Tramèr,et al.  Meta-analytic comparison of prophylactic antiemetic efficacy for postoperative nausea and vomiting: propofol anaesthesia vs omitting nitrous oxide vs total i.v. anaesthesia with propofol. , 1997, British journal of anaesthesia.

[22]  H. Hiatt,et al.  An ethical code for everybody in health care , 1997, BMJ.

[23]  R. Moore,et al.  Single-patient data meta-analysis of 3453 postoperative patients: oral tramadol versus placebo, codeine and combination analgesics , 1997, Pain.

[24]  A. Maynard Evidence-based medicine: an incomplete method for informing treatment choices , 1997, The Lancet.

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[26]  M. Tramèr,et al.  Randomization is important in studies with pain outcomes: systematic review of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in acute postoperative pain. , 1996, British journal of anaesthesia.

[27]  A. D. de Craen,et al.  Analgesic efficacy and safety of paracetamol-codeine combinations versus paracetamol alone: a systematic review , 1996, BMJ.

[28]  D. Cook,et al.  Maximizing oxygen delivery in critically ill patients: a methodologic appraisal of the evidence. , 1996, Critical care medicine.

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