Daily fluctuations in self-control demands and alcohol intake.

Predictions made by the self-control strength model were tested in a sample of underage social drinkers using ecological momentary assessment methodology. On days that participants experienced more self-control demands than average, they were more likely to violate their self-imposed drinking limit after controlling for mood and urge to drink. There was no relationship between self-control demands and urge or intention to drink, nor were self-control demands related to plans to limit drinking. When individuals planned to limit their alcohol intake, they were more affected by self-control demands than when they did not plan to limit their alcohol intake. Trait self-control moderated these relationships. Consistent with the self-control strength model, it appears that exerting self-control in nondrinking areas undermines individuals' capacity to exert self-control of drinking in daily life.

[1]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: does self-control resemble a muscle? , 2000, Psychological bulletin.

[2]  M L Selzer,et al.  A self-administered Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST). , 1975, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[3]  O. Parsons,et al.  Drinking restraint and risk for alcohol abuse. , 1997 .

[4]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  Data analysis in social psychology. , 1998 .

[5]  F. H. Kanfer,et al.  Self-management and behavior change : from theory to practice , 1982 .

[6]  S. Shiffman,et al.  Patient non-compliance with paper diaries , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[7]  R. L. Collins,et al.  Ecological momentary assessment in a behavioral drinking moderation training program. , 1998, Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology.

[8]  M Argeriou,et al.  Daily alcohol consumption patterns in Boston: some findings and a partial test of the Tuesday hypothesis. , 1975, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[9]  J. Singer,et al.  Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis , 2003 .

[10]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Longitudinal improvement of self-regulation through practice: building self-control strength through repeated exercise. , 1999, The Journal of social psychology.

[11]  A. Stone,et al.  Strategies for analyzing ecological momentary assessment data. , 1998, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[12]  J. Norcross,et al.  Ringing in the new year: the change processes and reported outcomes of resolutions. , 1989, Addictive behaviors.

[13]  I G Kreft,et al.  The Effect of Different Forms of Centering in Hierarchical Linear Models. , 1995, Multivariate behavioral research.

[14]  J. Polivy,et al.  If at first you don't succeed. False hopes of self-change. , 2002, The American psychologist.

[15]  G. Affleck,et al.  Mood and alcohol consumption: an experience sampling test of the self-medication hypothesis. , 2000, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[16]  Mark Muraven,et al.  One too many: predicting future alcohol consumption following heavy drinking. , 2005, Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology.

[17]  R. Baumeister,et al.  Self-control as limited resource: regulatory depletion patterns. , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[18]  John J. Gibbs,et al.  Parental Management and Self-Control: An Empirical Test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory , 1998 .

[19]  S. Shiffman,et al.  Introduction to the special section: Ecological momentary assessment in health psychology. , 1998 .

[20]  Prospective and retrospective reports of mood states before relapse to substance use. , 1995, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[21]  M. Muraven,et al.  Mechanisms of Self-Control Failure: Motivation and Limited Resources , 2003, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[22]  L. Bensley Construct validity evidence for the interpretation of drinking restraint as a response conflict. , 1991, Addictive behaviors.

[23]  J. Guydish,et al.  Reasons students give for limiting drinking: a factor analysis with implications for research and practice. , 1989, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[24]  S. Shiffman,et al.  The morning after: limit violations and the self-regulation of alcohol consumption. , 2005, Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors.

[25]  Anthony S. Bryk,et al.  Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods , 1992 .

[26]  R. L. Collins,et al.  Self-control and alcohol restraint: an initial application of the self-control strength model. , 2002, Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors.

[27]  S Shiffman,et al.  A day at a time: predicting smoking lapse from daily urge. , 1997, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[28]  W. Miller,et al.  Treating Addictive Behaviors , 1986, Applied Clinical Psychology.

[29]  R. Hodgson Resisting temptation: a psychological analysis. , 1989, British journal of addiction.

[30]  Janice Brown,et al.  Self-regulation and the addictive behaviors: , 1997 .

[31]  S. West,et al.  Statistical issues in the study of temporal data: daily experiences. , 1991, Journal of personality.

[32]  S. Fiske,et al.  The Handbook of Social Psychology , 1935 .