The technology of pollution prevention and control in the industry of vanadium extraction from stone coal acts as a key factor in deciding whether the vanadium can be extracted from stone coal effectively. This paper focuses on analysing related pollutants, including their features, and major problems existing in field of vanadium extraction, as well as investigating the technology used to prevent and control the pollutants in wastewater, gas and slag. In accordance with the current efforts of pollution prevention, it can be concluded that this industry must reduce its resources, energy consumption and pollutant discharge strength, enhance pollution prevention, guarantee ecology safety and human health so that improvement in production capacity, craft and pollution abatement technique can be promoted. Therefore, concrete proposals and expectations on technological control are offered, including building up a real-time monitoring system and a decision support system. This study can help the research and development staff to understand technologies related to reducing the environmental pollution clearly and to achieve sustainable development simultaneously.