Effects of nonequilibrium and wall catalysis on Shuttle heat transfer

Nomenclature ALT = altitude C = atom mass fraction / = heat flux adjustment factor defined in Eq. (2) hD enthalpy of formation of species hT = total enthalpy k = Boltzmann constant kw = catalytic recombination rate L = length of vehicle m = mass of atom P = pressure Rn = nose radius q =heat flux S = surface distance T = temperature t =time from entry interface (Z= 122 km) V = velocity FINF = freestream velocity X axial distance from nose y = distance from body Z = geometric altitude a = angle of attack 7 = energy-transfer catalytic combination coefficient e = emittance p = density a = Stef an-Boltzmann constant

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