Connecting the fragments: Looking at the connected city in 2050 ☆ ☆☆

New technologies enable new urban patterns and new connections within and between cities. This paper reviews new and emerging technologies that are impacting cities internally and in their relations within larger networks. Policy and social attitudes also must change to incorporate and integrate new technologies. Forecasts and visions of urban futures are now more complicated by new technologies and by the global networks within which urban economies and urban dwellers operate.

[1]  Hidenobu Matsumoto,et al.  International air network structures and air traffic density of world cities , 2007 .

[2]  Andrew Schiller,et al.  The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards , 2007 .

[3]  Manuel Castells,et al.  THE INFORMATIONAL CITY , 1991 .

[4]  R E Hanley,et al.  HOW DECISIONS ARE MADE: AN INTERVIEW WITH ALBERT APPLETON ON CHANGING MINDS ABOUT THE GOWANUS EXPRESSWAY. IN: MOVING PEOPLE, GOODS, AND INFORMATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CUTTING-EDGE INFRASTRUCTURES OF NETWORKED CITIES , 2004 .

[5]  Edward J. Malecki,et al.  Hard and Soft Networks for Urban Competitiveness , 2002 .

[6]  P. Daffara.  Rethinking tomorrow's cities: Emerging issues on city foresight , 2011 .

[7]  Peter Nijkamp,et al.  The “New Urban Europe”: Global Challenges and Local Responses in the Urban Century , 2013 .

[8]  Denise Pumain,et al.  Settlement systems in the evolution , 2000 .

[9]  L. Janssen-Jansen,et al.  The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area Challenge: Opportunities for Inclusive Coproduction in City-Region Governance , 2013 .

[10]  Gudmundur F. Ulfarsson,et al.  Megapatterns of global settlement: Typology and drivers in a warming world , 2012 .

[11]  D. Civco,et al.  THE DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL URBAN EXPANSION: ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS FOR ALL COUNTRIES, 2000–2050 , 2011 .

[12]  Brian Quinn.  Transit-oriented development: lessons from California , 2006 .

[13]  Helen Couclelis,et al.  Rethinking Time Geography in the Information Age , 2009 .

[14]  Daniel Franklin,et al.  Megachange: The World in 2050 , 2012 .

[15]  William J. Mitchell,et al.  Reinventing the Automobile: Personal Urban Mobility for the 21st Century , 2010 .

[16]  Géraldine Pflieger,et al.  Introduction. Urban Networks and Network Theory: The City as the Connector of Multiple Networks , 2010 .

[17]  C. Lefèvre,et al.  Why Cities are Looking Abroad and How They Go about it , 2007 .

[18]  P. Hall.  Cities of Tomorrow , 1988 .

[19]  K. O'connor,et al.  Global city regions and the location of logistics activity , 2010 .

[20]  Michael Batty.  Visually-Driven Urban Simulation: Exploring Fast and Slow Change in Residential Location , 2013 .

[21]  G. Schwarz.  Enabling Global Trade above the Clouds: Restructuring Processes and Information Technology in the Transatlantic Air-Cargo Industry , 2006 .

[22]  Joel Kotkin.  The Next Hundred Million: America in 2050 , 2010 .

[23]  Emmanouil Tranos,et al.  Smart networked cities? , 2012 .

[24]  Jonathan Levine,et al.  Does Accessibility Require Density or Speed? , 2012 .

[25]  S. Graham.  When Infrastructures Fail , 2010 .

[26]  Martin Dijst,et al.  Professional workers @ work: importance of work activities for electronic and face-to-face communications in the Netherlands , 2012 .

[27]  M. Batty.  A CHRONICLE OF SCIENTIFIC PLANNING - THE ANGLO-AMERICAN MODELING EXPERIENCE , 1994 .

[28]  P. Romero‐Lankao.  Governing Carbon and Climate in the Cities: An Overview of Policy and Planning Challenges and Options , 2012 .

[29]  K. Seto,et al.  Urban land teleconnections and sustainability , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[30]  Brad MacKay,et al.  A structuration approach to scenario praxis , 2013 .

[31]  Neville A Stanton,et al.  From telephones to iPhones: applying systems thinking to networked, interoperable products. , 2009, Applied ergonomics.

[32]  Edward J. Malecki,et al.  The Digital Economy: Business Organization, Production Processes and Regional Developments , 2007 .

[33]  John Allen,et al.  Powerful City Networks: More than Connections, Less than Domination and Control , 2010 .

[34]  A. Schäfer,et al.  The future mobility of the world population , 2000 .

[35]  H. Couclelis.  The Construction of the Digital City , 2004 .

[36]  T. Notteboom,et al.  The worldwide maritime network of container shipping: Spatial structure and regional dynamics , 2012 .

[37]  Harry W. Richardson,et al.  COMPACTNESS OR SPRAWL: AMERICA'S FUTURE vs. THE PRESENT , 2000 .

[38]  Brian J. L. Berry,et al.  Cities as systems within systems of cities , 1964 .

[39]  Randi Hjorthol,et al.  Working on the train: from ‘dead time’ to productive and vital time , 2012 .

[40]  J. Ratcliffe,et al.  Imagineering city futures: The use of prospective through scenarios in urban planning , 2011 .

[41]  Peter Nijkamp,et al.  A Meta-analytical Evaluation of Sustainable City Initiatives , 1998 .

[42]  P. Nijkamp,et al.  In Search of Urban Futures in the E-economy , 2004 .

[43]  Wolfgang G. Stock.  Informational cities: Analysis and construction of cities in the knowledge society , 2011, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[44]  M. Reimer,et al.  The Embeddedness of Planning in Cultural Contexts: Theoretical Foundations for the Analysis of Dynamic Planning Cultures , 2013 .

[45]  Peter De Smedt,et al.  Future scenarios to inspire innovation , 2013 .

[46]  P. Hall,et al.  Urban Future 21: A Global Agenda for Twenty-First Century Cities , 2000 .

[47]  Michael Batty,et al.  Smart Cities, Big Data , 2012 .

[48]  Robert Phaal,et al.  An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development , 2013 .

[49]  António Ferreira,et al.  On Why Planning Should Not Reinforce Self-Reinforcing Trends: A Cautionary Analysis of the Compact-City Proposal Applied to Large Cities , 2011 .

[50]  Henrik Gudmundsson,et al.  Analysing Models as a Knowledge Technology in Transport Planning , 2011 .

[51]  Eugene J. McCann,et al.  Relationality/territoriality: Toward a conceptualization of cities in the world , 2010 .

[52]  S. Graham,et al.  Networked infrastructures, technological mobilities, and the urban condition , 2001 .

[53]  John Urry,et al.  After the Car , 2009 .

[54]  Craig Martin,et al.  Shipping Container Mobilities, Seamless Compatibility, and the Global Surface of Logistical Integration , 2013 .

[55]  Mattias Höjer,et al.  Backcasting images of the future city-Time and space for sustainable development in Stockholm , 2011 .

[56]  Lauri Ojala,et al.  Trade Logistics in the Global Economy: The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators , 2016 .

[57]  Ashish Sood,et al.  Demystifying Disruption: A New Model for Understanding and Predicting Disruptive Technologies , 2010, Mark. Sci..

[58]  M. Boarnet.  A Broader Context for Land Use and Travel Behavior, and a Research Agenda , 2011 .

[59]  P. Wells,et al.  Transition failure: Understanding continuity in the automotive industry , 2012 .

[60]  M. Lennert,et al.  The territorial futures of Europe: ‘Trends’, ‘Competition’ or ‘Cohesion’ , 2010 .

[61]  Dowell Myers,et al.  Constructing the Future in Planning: A Survey of Theories and Tools , 2000 .

[62]  Peter Nijkamp,et al.  Missing networks in European transport and communications , 1992 .

[63]  Anders Gullberg,et al.  Images of the Future City: Time and Space For Sustainable Development , 2011 .

[64]  Denise Pumain,et al.  Innovation Cycles and Urban Dynamics , 2009 .

[65]  M. Ruth,et al.  Understanding and managing the complexity of urban systems under climate change , 2007 .

[66]  H. Turton.  Sustainable global automobile transport in the 21st century: An integrated scenario analysis , 2006 .

[67]  P. Rietveld,et al.  The impact of climate change and weather on transport: An overview of empirical findings , 2009 .

[68]  Ângela Guimarães Pereira,et al.  VISIONS for Venice in 2050: Aleph, story telling and unsolved paradoxes , 2013 .

[69]  H. Bathelt,et al.  Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation , 2004 .

[70]  Ralph Buehler,et al.  Determinants of transport mode choice: a comparison of Germany and the USA , 2011 .

[71]  J. Simmie,et al.  The economic resilience of regions: towards an evolutionary approach , 2010 .

[72]  Caroline J. Tolbert,et al.  Digital Cities: The Internet and the Geography of Opportunity , 2012 .

[73]  J. Urry.  The ‘System’ of Automobility , 2004 .

[74]  H. Couclelis.  “Where has the Future Gone?” Rethinking the Role of Integrated Land-Use Models in Spatial Planning , 2005 .

[75]  J. Urry,et al.  Travel time use in the information age , 2005 .

[76]  Clayton M. Christensen.  The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail , 2013 .

[77]  Andrew Chadwick,et al.  Path dependence and innovation in British city-regions , 2008 .

[78]  P. Nijkamp,et al.  Smart Cities in Europe , 2011 .

[79]  J. Urry,et al.  The City and the Car , 2000 .

[80]  Aumnad Phdungsilp.  Futures studies’ backcasting method used for strategic sustainable city planning , 2011 .

[81]  D. Banister.  Unsustainable Transport: City Transport in the New Century , 2005 .

[82]  T. R. Leinbach,et al.  Globalization, e‐economy and trade , 2004 .

[83]  Michael Friedewald,et al.  Ubiquitous computing: An overview of technology impacts , 2011, Telematics Informatics.

[84]  Matthias Ruth,et al.  Social and economic impacts of climate change on the urban environment , 2011 .

[85]  M. Wegener.  Operational Urban Models State of the Art , 1994 .