Educational organizations which have a dynamic interaction with the changing environment are required to be supervised at regular times in order for the educational institutions to maintain and continue their effectiveness and also not to deviate from their objectives. The subject matter of this study includes comparing the situations of public and private elementary schools in terms of institutional supervision reports. Besides, the purpose of this study is to draw attention to the problems and differences in the problems in the public and private elementary schools. The sample of this study was selected in accordance with this purpose and therefore the sample consists of four public and four private schools, in the districts of Muğla, namely Dalaman, Fethiye, Koycegiz, Mentese, Milas, and Ortaca. Within the scope of this study, a total number of twenty school supervision reports, twelve of which belonged to public elementary schools whereas the other eight belonged to private schools, were investigated and all the reports included in this study were conducted between the years of 2008 and 2015. The investigation was designed as a comparison of public and private elementary schools based on the issues of responsibilities of schools such as “personnel affairs, clerical jobs, calculation and circulation of capital, evaluation of needs and excesses, physical condition, student affairs, situations related to education and teaching”, all of which were identified in the Ministry of National Education, Educational Inspectors Directorate Guidance and Supervision Instruction under the title of Conditions to be Investigated in Institutional Supervisions. Moreover, the data were also collected through face-to-face interviews conducted with educational supervisors by applying a semi-structured interview form consisting of three questions. The data obtained by document review were conducted in the selected schools and also by observations and interviews, they were evaluated after analyzing with content analysis method, one of the qualitative data analysis methods. According to the results, it was determined that both in the public and private schools, generally there were problems in terms of education and teaching such as not completing the curriculums, not being able to transform the purposes into behaviors and the profile of administrators’ being low. In addition to these, especially in the public elementary schools such problems as resource difficulties, crowded classrooms, inefficacies about collaboration with students’ parents and lastly performances of teachers were observed.