Positioning device and method of coal mining machine in full-mechanized mining face

The invention provides a positioning device and method of a coal mining machine in a full-mechanized mining face, and belongs to an autonomous positioning device and method of the coal mining machine. The positioning device of the coal mining machine is installed in a machine body, and comprises a rubber vibration damping base, a triaxial laser gyroscope, a triaxial optical fiber accelerometer, a positioning device microprocessing unit, and a positioning device anti-explosion shell , wherein the positioning device anti-explosion shell is connected above the rubber vibration damping base, and the triaxial laser gyroscope, the triaxial optical fiber accelerometer and the positioning device microprocessing unit are installed in a shell consisting of the rubber vibration damping base and the positioning device anti-explosion shell. Real-time acceleration values in three directions are measured by using the triaxial optical fiber accelerometer, and real-time angular velocities in the three directions are measured by using the triaxial laser gyroscope; thus, data of a sensor is sampled to a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) to determine the initial velocity and position, and the displacement and angular deflection of the coal mining machine along the three directions are obtained through an integral operation. The positioning device has the advantages of compact structure, simple method, safety, reliability and simplicity and convenience for installation and operation.