Measuring environmental emissions from tobacco combustion: Sidestream cigarette smoke literature review☆

Abstract The tobacco-derived environmental emission of most common concern is the smoke issuing from cigarettes between puffs. A literature review of smoke formation mechanisms, sampling methods and selected emission factors suggests that sidestream deliveries are actually much less variable than is commonly thought. Examples of devices used to generate and collect sidestream smoke for analysis are described and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. Emissions computed as is common practice from sidestream/mainstream ratios are compared to those determined directly. The ratio method can yield misleading results because of the sensitivity of mainstream deliveries to cigarette and burn characteristics.

[1]  K. Oconnor,et al.  Tar and Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke , 1969 .

[2]  C. H. Keith,et al.  The Effect of Filter Ventilation on the Yield and Composition of Mainstream and Sidestream Smokes , 1980 .

[3]  K. Brunnemann,et al.  Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in mainstream and sidestream smoke from cigarettes by GLC-TEA. , 1980, Oncology.

[4]  T. Ohsumi,et al.  The Distribution of Cigarette Smoke Components between Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke: I. Acidic Components , 1983 .

[5]  J. Robinson,et al.  Yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide in the sidestream smoke from 15 brands of Canadian cigarettes. , 1984, American journal of public health.

[6]  John D. Adams,et al.  Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke LXVI. Comparative Assessment of Volatile and Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines in the Smoke of Selected Cigarettes From the U.S.A., West Germany and France.* , 1980 .

[7]  E. Grandjean,et al.  Quantitative bestimmung verschiedener gasphasenkomponenten des nebenstromrauches von zigaretten in der raumluft als beitrag zum problem des passivrauchens , 1976 .

[8]  K. Yamaguchi,et al.  The Distribution of Cigarette Smoke Components between Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke: II. Bases , 1984 .

[9]  R. Baker,et al.  The Distribution of Gases within the Combustion Coal of a Cigarette , 1973 .

[10]  D Hoffmann,et al.  The pH of tobacco smoke. , 1974, Food and cosmetics toxicology.

[11]  D. Hoffmann,et al.  Chemical studies on tobacco smoke LIX. Analysis of volatile nitrosamines in tobacco smoke and polluted indoor environments. , 1978, IARC scientific publications.

[12]  W. Wartman,et al.  Determination of Particulate Matter in Concentrated Aerosols. Application to Analysis of Cigarette Smoke , 1959 .

[13]  V. Norman,et al.  The Effect of Some Nitrogenous Blend Components on NO/NOx and HCN Levels in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke , 1983 .

[14]  Y. Ishizu,et al.  Determination of Particle-Size Distribution and Concentration of Cigarette Smoke by a Light-Scattering Method , 1974 .

[15]  R. Baker.  Variation of Sidestream Gas Formation during the Smoking Cycle , 1982 .

[16]  R. Baker.  Variation of the Gas Formation Regions within a Cigarette Combustion Coal during the Smoking Cycle , 1981 .

[17]  K. Yamaguchi,et al.  The Distribution of Cigarette Smoke Components between Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke: III. Middle and Higher Boiling Components , 1984 .

[18]  M. G. Apte,et al.  Pollutant emission rates from indoor combustion appliances and sidestream cigarette smoke , 1982 .

[19]  D. Hoffmann,et al.  Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXXIV. Gas chromatographic determination of ammonia in cigarette and cigar smoke. , 1975, Journal of chromatographic science.

[20]  D. Hoffmann,et al.  Role of tobacco stems in the formation of N-nitrosamines in tobacco and cigarette mainstream and sidestream smoke , 1983 .