Quantifying the contribution of wind farms to distribution network reliability.

The reliability of power supply to distribution network customers can be increased by embedded generation, including wind farms. The value of this increase in reliability needs to be evaluated, and national standards such as the Great Britain security of supply standard P2/6 seek to do so. This paper appraises the capacity credit evaluation methodology in P2/6 and outlines an alternative methodology to integrate generation with load more effectively, taking into account the topology, loading and reliability of the surrounding network. It concludes that under certain circumstances, the presence of embedded wind generation can allow the deferral of costly network reinforcement projects but that the time for which reinforcement can reasonably be deferred is a function not only of the generators themselves but also of the surrounding network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  H. M. Romanowitz.  Wind Power on Weak Grids in California and the US Midwest , 2005 .

[2]  D. Jayaweera,et al.  Value of Security: Modeling Time-Dependent Phenomena and Weather Conditions , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[3]  R. Billinton,et al.  A simplified wind power generation model for reliability evaluation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[4]  Math Bollen,et al.  A CUSTOMER-ORIENTED APPROACH TOWARDS RELIABILITY INDICES , 2007 .

[5]  Thomas Ackermann,et al.  Wind Power in Power Systems , 2005 .

[6]  Thomas Ackermann,et al.  Technical Regulations for the Interconnection of Wind Farms to the Power System , 2005 .

[7]  Lalit Goel,et al.  Reliability evaluation of restructured power systems with wind farms using Equivalent Multi-State models , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[8]  Carmen Lucia Tancredo Borges,et al.  Object oriented model for composite reliability evaluation including time varying load and wind generation , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[9]  C. Singh,et al.  A reliability assessment methodology for distribution systems with distributed generation , 2006, 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[10]  Magdy M. A. Salama,et al.  Adequacy assessment of distributed generation systems using Monte Carlo Simulation , 2003 .

[11]  Behzad Kazemtabrizi,et al.  Reliability Evaluation of New Offshore Wind Farm Electrical Grid Connection Topologies , 2013 .

[12]  R. Billinton,et al.  Wind power planning and operating capacity credit assessment , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[13]  W. El-Khattam,et al.  Investigating distributed generation systems performance using Monte Carlo simulation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Jianhui Wang,et al.  Impacts of energy storage on reliability of power systems with WTGs , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[15]  Stan Zachary,et al.  Capacity Value of Additional Generation: Probability Theory and Sampling Uncertainty , 2013 .

[16]  R. Billinton,et al.  Generating capacity adequacy associated with wind energy , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[17]  Lennart Söder.  The Value of Wind Power , 2005 .

[18]  R. Billinton,et al.  Rleliability Benefit Analysis of Adding WTG in a Distribution System , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[19]  Goran Strbac,et al.  Chapter 21: Benefits of active management of distribution systems , 2005 .

[20]  Syed Islam,et al.  Analytical approaches to assess embedded wind generation effects on distribution networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[21]  Goran Strbac,et al.  Benefits of active management of distribution systems , 2012 .

[22]  M.M.A. Salama,et al.  Stochastic estimation of the contribution levels of customer operated distributed generation , 2004, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2004..

[23]  R. Billinton,et al.  Historic performance-based distribution system risk assessment , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[24]  D. Singh,et al.  Effect of Load Models in Distributed Generation Planning , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[25]  John Douglas,et al.  Reliability worth for a restructured electricity distribution industry , 2005 .

[26]  Chris Dent,et al.  Capacity value of distributed generation for network capacity planning , 2013 .

[27]  Ronald N. Allan,et al.  Generation availability assessment of wind farms , 1996 .

[28]  Hannele Holttinen,et al.  Power System Requirements for Wind Power , 2005 .

[29]  R. Billinton,et al.  Reliability-Based Transmission Reinforcement Planning Associated With Large-Scale Wind Farms , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[30]  S. Blake,et al.  Investigation into the use of hydrogen technology with a wind farm constrained by the grid , 2008, 2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[31]  Gerd Balzer,et al.  Energy storage design and optimization for power system with wind feeding , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[32]  S. Zachary,et al.  Probability theory of capacity value of additional generation , 2012 .