Automatic Generation of High-Level State Features for Generalized Planning

In many domains generalized plans can only be computed if certain high-level state features, i.e. features that capture key concepts to accurately distinguish between states and make good decisions, are available. In most applications of generalized planning such features are hand-coded by an expert. This paper presents a novel method to automatically generate high-level state features for solving a generalized planning problem. Our method extends a compilation of generalized planning into classical planning and integrates the computation of generalized plans with the computation of features, in the form of conjunctive queries. Experiments show that we generate features for diverse generalized planning problems and hence, compute generalized plans without providing a prior high-level representation of the states. We also bring a new landscape of challenging benchmarks to classical planning since our compilation naturally models classification tasks as classical planning problems.

[1]  Sylvie Thiébaux,et al.  Exploiting First-Order Regression in Inductive Policy Selection , 2004, UAI.

[2]  Ilche Georgievski,et al.  International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling , 2013 .

[3]  Javier Segovia Aguas,et al.  Generalized Planning with Procedural Domain Control Knowledge , 2016, ICAPS.

[4]  Blai Bonet,et al.  Automatic Derivation of Finite-State Machines for Behavior Control , 2010, AAAI.

[5]  Yuxiao Hu,et al.  A Correctness Result for Reasoning about One-Dimensional Planning Problems , 2010, IJCAI.

[6]  Sergio Jiménez Celorrio,et al.  Computing Plans with Control Flow and Procedures Using a Classical Planner , 2015, SOCS.

[7]  Yuxiao Hu,et al.  A Generic Technique for Synthesizing Bounded Finite-State Controllers , 2013, ICAPS.

[8]  Hector Geffner,et al.  Learning Generalized Policies from Planning Examples Using Concept Languages , 2004, Applied Intelligence.

[9]  Stephen Cresswell,et al.  Compilation of LTL Goal Formulas into PDDL , 2004, ECAI.

[10]  S. Crawford,et al.  Volume 1 , 2012, Journal of Diabetes Investigation.

[11]  Tom M. Mitchell,et al.  Generalization as Search , 2002 .

[12]  Stephen Muggleton,et al.  Inductive Logic Programming: Issues, Results and the Challenge of Learning Language in Logic , 1999, Artif. Intell..

[13]  Eugene Fink,et al.  Integrating planning and learning: the PRODIGY architecture , 1995, J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell..

[14]  Nils J. Nilsson,et al.  Artificial Intelligence , 1974, IFIP Congress.

[15]  Patrik Haslum,et al.  Optimal Planning with Axioms , 2015, IJCAI.

[16]  Neil Immerman,et al.  Directed Search for Generalized Plans Using Classical Planners , 2011, ICAPS.

[17]  S. Edelkamp,et al.  The Deterministic Part of IPC-4: An Overview , 2005, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[18]  Joseph Y. Halpern,et al.  Proceedings of the 20th conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence , 2004, UAI 2004.

[19]  Roni Khardon,et al.  Learning Action Strategies for Planning Domains , 1999, Artif. Intell..

[20]  Robert Givan,et al.  Learning Control Knowledge for Forward Search Planning , 2008, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[21]  Ashok K. Chandra,et al.  Optimal implementation of conjunctive queries in relational data bases , 1977, STOC '77.

[22]  Stephen Muggleton,et al.  Inductive Logic Programming: Issues, Results and the LLL Challenge (abstract) , 1998, ECAI.

[23]  Yuxiao Hu,et al.  Generalized Planning: Synthesizing Plans that Work for Multiple Environments , 2011, IJCAI.

[24]  M. Pollack Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research: Preface , 2001 .

[25]  John R. Anderson,et al.  MACHINE LEARNING An Artificial Intelligence Approach , 2009 .

[26]  Malte Helmert,et al.  The Fast Downward Planning System , 2006, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[27]  Craig Boutilier,et al.  Symbolic Dynamic Programming for First-Order MDPs , 2001, IJCAI.

[28]  Silvia Richter,et al.  The LAMA Planner: Guiding Cost-Based Anytime Planning with Landmarks , 2010, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[29]  Bernhard Nebel,et al.  In Defense of PDDL Axioms , 2003, IJCAI.