Application of TPMS structure in bone regeneration

Abstract Bone defect repair, due to its complex process in nature, has become a costly issue in modern day medicine. This causes a growing demand for a bone substitute that is effective and easy to construct. Recently, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) scaffolds, which embody trabecular bone-mimicking hyperboloidal topography, has become a promising candidate for this exact role due to its unique structure to promote many cellular processes. In response to the growing popularity of TPMS scaffolds amongst researchers, this review discusses the effect of different parameters (including pore size, porosity, and pore shape, as well as their influences on mechanical property, permeability, and curvature), along with the controlling and designing of such parameters, on bone regeneration to serve as a guide for future researchers in designing and utilizing TPMS scaffolds for bone regeneration purposes.

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