Lymphocyte activation by CpG dinucleotide motifs in prokaryotic DNA.

CpG dinucleotides are present at the expected frequency in prokaryotic DNA, but are underrepresented ('CpG suppression') and methylated in vertebrate DNA. The vertebrate immune system has apparently evolved the ability to recognize these unmethylated CpG motifs and respond with a rapid and coordinated cytokine response leading to the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

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