Expression of S100 protein family members in the pathogenesis of bladder tumors.

The S100 proteins act as multifactional signaling factors that are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. To explore the involvement of S100 genes in bladder cancers, S100 gene expressions were systematically evaluated at the RNA level by microarray and real-time PCR. Total RNAs were obtained from 4-hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN)-induced mouse and rat bladder cancers, human bladder cancers and matched normal bladder urothelium. Microarray analysis was performed on mouse and rat bladder cancers; real-time PCR was performed in mouse, rat and human bladder cancers and their matched normal urothelium for confirmation. Microarray analysis revealed that 9 and 6 members of the S100 gene family were differentially expressed in mouse and rat bladder cancers, respectively. Thirteen members of the S100 gene family were confirmed by real-time PCR to be differentially expressed in human bladder cancers, with overexpression of S100A2, S100A3, S100A5, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, S100A14, S100A15, S100A16 and S100P, and underexpression of S100A1, S100A4 and S100B. S100A1, S10OA3, S100A8, S10A9, S100A14, S100A15 and S100A16 showed similar patterns of differential expression in bladder cancers from mouse, rat and human. To our knowledge this is the first report of systematic evaluation of S100 gene expressions in bladder cancers. Our results indicate that differential expression of S100 gene family members is characteristic of bladder cancers and these genes may play important roles in bladder tumorigenesis and progression.

[1]  Hiroyuki Aburatani,et al.  Tumour-mediated upregulation of chemoattractants and recruitment of myeloid cells predetermines lung metastasis , 2006, Nature Cell Biology.

[2]  C. Heizmann,et al.  An update of the S100 nomenclature. , 2006, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[3]  J. Alsner,et al.  Focal S100A4 protein expression is an independent predictor of development of metastatic disease in cystectomized bladder cancer patients. , 2006, European urology.

[4]  K. Ohuchida,et al.  S100A11, A Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Overexpressed in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis , 2006, Clinical Cancer Research.

[5]  Q. Zhan,et al.  Detection of chromosomal alterations in bladder transitional cell carcinomas from Northern China by comparative genomic hybridization. , 2006, Cancer letters.

[6]  V. Gnau,et al.  Differential detection of S100A8 in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by pair wise tissue proteomic and immunohistochemical analysis. , 2006, Proteomics.

[7]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer Statistics, 2006 , 2006, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[8]  S. Ozeki,et al.  Transcription promoter activity of the human S100A7 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. , 2006, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[9]  D. Mayer,et al.  S100A8 and S100A9 activate MAP kinase and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and trigger translocation of RAGE in human prostate cancer cells. , 2006, Experimental cell research.

[10]  S. Ramaswamy,et al.  A putative role for psoriasin in breast tumor progression. , 2005, Cancer research.

[11]  W. Kamps,et al.  High expression of calcium‐binding proteins, S100A10, S100A11 and CALM2 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma , 2005, British journal of haematology.

[12]  S. Cross,et al.  Expression of S100 proteins in normal human tissues and common cancers using tissue microarrays: S100A6, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A11 are all overexpressed in common cancers , 2005, Histopathology.

[13]  Dimitrios Iliopoulos,et al.  Fragile genes as biomarkers: epigenetic control of WWOX and FHIT in lung, breast and bladder cancer , 2005, Oncogene.

[14]  Marisa Martin-Fernandez,et al.  Mutually antagonistic actions of S100A4 and S100A1 on normal and metastatic phenotypes , 2005, Oncogene.

[15]  Ashfaque Ahmed Memon,et al.  Down-regulation of S100C is associated with bladder cancer progression and poor survival. , 2005, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[16]  S. Cross,et al.  Dysregulated expression of S100A11 (calgizzarin) in prostate cancer and precursor lesions. , 2004, Human pathology.

[17]  C. Heizmann,et al.  S100 proteins in mouse and man: from evolution to function and pathology (including an update of the nomenclature). , 2004, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[18]  V. Steele,et al.  4-Hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancers in mice: characterization of FHIT and survivin expression and chemopreventive effects of indomethacin. , 2004, Carcinogenesis.

[19]  Zhihua Liu,et al.  Differential expression of S100 gene family in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma , 2004, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[20]  Hideaki Shimada,et al.  S100A11 gene identified by in-house cDNA microarray as an accurate predictor of lymph node metastases of gastric cancer. , 2004, Oncology reports.

[21]  Zhihua Liu,et al.  Discovery of Ca2+-relevant and differentiation-associated genes downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using cDNA microarray , 2004, Oncogene.

[22]  P. Rudland,et al.  S100A4 regulates cell motility and invasion in an in vitro model for breast cancer metastasis , 2004, British Journal of Cancer.

[23]  A. Bresnick,et al.  Mts1 regulates the assembly of nonmuscle myosin-IIA. , 2003, Biochemistry.

[24]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Expression analysis of S100 proteins and RAGE in human tumors using tissue microarrays. , 2003, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[25]  R. Donato,et al.  Intracellular and extracellular roles of S100 proteins , 2003, Microscopy research and technique.

[26]  L. Murphy,et al.  Psoriasin interacts with Jab1 and influences breast cancer progression. , 2003, Cancer research.

[27]  J. Saurat,et al.  Urinary excretion of epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein and S100A7 protein in patients with cutaneous melanoma , 2002, Melanoma research.

[28]  C. Moskaluk,et al.  Gastric cancers overexpress S100A calcium-binding proteins. , 2002, Cancer research.

[29]  J. Heighway,et al.  Expression profiling of primary non-small cell lung cancer for target identification , 2002, Oncogene.

[30]  C. Heizmann,et al.  S100 proteins: structure, functions and pathology. , 2002, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[31]  D. Neal,et al.  Expression of S100A4 protein is associated with metastasis and reduced survival in human bladder cancer , 2002, The Journal of pathology.

[32]  D. Neal,et al.  Transfection of S100A4 produces metastatic variants of an orthotopic model of bladder cancer. , 2002, The American journal of pathology.

[33]  P. Rudland,et al.  Binding to intracellular targets of the metastasis-inducing protein, S100A4 (p9Ka). , 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[34]  R. Kiss,et al.  Development and progression of malignancy in human colon tissues are correlated with expression of specific Ca(2+)-binding S100 proteins. , 2001, Histology and histopathology.

[35]  G. Selivanova,et al.  Tumor Suppressor p53 Protein Is a New Target for the Metastasis-associated Mts1/S100A4 Protein , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[36]  Isabelle Camby,et al.  S100A2, a Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene, Regulates In Vitro Squamous Cell Carcinoma Migration , 2001, Laboratory Investigation.

[37]  V. Steele,et al.  Celecoxib inhibits N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancers in male B6D2F1 mice and female Fischer-344 rats. , 2000, Cancer research.

[38]  M. Sakaguchi,et al.  Relationship between Contact Inhibition and Intranuclear S100c of Normal Human Fibroblasts , 2000, The Journal of cell biology.

[39]  D. Bostwick,et al.  Predicting the survival of bladder carcinoma patients treated with radical cystectomy , 2000, Cancer.

[40]  R. Simon,et al.  Chromosomal aberrations associated with invasion in papillary superficial bladder cancer. , 1999, The Journal of pathology.

[41]  R. Donato,et al.  Functional roles of S100 proteins, calcium-binding proteins of the EF-hand type. , 1999, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[42]  M. Droller.  EDITORIAL: MARKERS IN BLADDER CANCER-ISSUES TO CONSIDER , 1998 .

[43]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Calcium regulation of Ndr protein kinase mediated by S100 calcium‐binding proteins , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[44]  M. Droller,et al.  Bladder cancer: State‐of‐the‐art care , 1998, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[45]  I. Bronstein,et al.  Metastasis-associated Mts1 (S100A4) Protein Modulates Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation of the Heavy Chain of Nonmuscle Myosin* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[46]  D. Zimmer,et al.  S100A1 Regulates Neurite Organization, Tubulin Levels, and Proliferation in PC12 Cells* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[47]  C. Heizmann,et al.  Repression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene S100A2 in breast cancer is mediated by site-specific hypermethylation. , 1997, Cell calcium.

[48]  M. Ghoneim,et al.  Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: critical evaluation of the results in 1,026 cases. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[49]  H. Moch,et al.  Marked genetic differences between stage pTa and stage pT1 papillary bladder cancer detected by comparative genomic hybridization. , 1997, Cancer research.

[50]  B. Honoré,et al.  Bladder squamous cell carcinomas express psoriasin and externalize it to the urine. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[51]  Y. Hasegawa,et al.  Binding of pEL98 protein, an S100-related calcium-binding protein, to nonmuscle tropomyosin , 1994, The Journal of cell biology.

[52]  K. Kohama,et al.  Calvasculin, as a factor affecting the microfilament assemblies in rat fibroblasts transfected by src gene , 1993, FEBS letters.

[53]  M. Sporn,et al.  13-cis-Retinoic acid: inhibition of bladder carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. , 1977, Science.

[54]  Tajamul Hussain,et al.  Differential expression of S100A2 and S100A4 during progression of human prostate adenocarcinoma. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[55]  T. Tanaka,et al.  Loss of Nuclear Localization of the S100C Protein in Immortalized Human Fibroblasts , 2001, Radiation research.

[56]  M. Droller.  Markers in bladder cancer--issues to consider. , 1998, The Journal of urology.