Structures and Functions of Selective Attention.

Abstract : A principle problem of neuropsychology is to relate the neural structures damaged in traumatic brain injury with their functions in the cognitive tasks of daily life. This lecture reviews evidence that elementary operations of cognition as defined by cognitive studies are the level at which the brain localizes its computations. Orienting of visual attention is used as a model task. The component facilitations and inhibitions in visual orienting are related to neural systems through the study of focal neurological lesions. Visual orienting is a part of a more general selective attention system that also involves orienting to language. Our ability to be aware of and to act upon target events depends upon the connections of posterior orienting these pathways in studies of focal changes in cerebral blood flow during performance of language tasks. Although we do not have a general analysis of the mental operations performed by these anterior systems, there is some evidence relating the dorsolateral prefrontal and areas of the medial surface to aspects of focal selection. One way to study the generality of the attentional system developed in this lecture is to examine putative deficits of attention in disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and closed head injury where the organic basis for the deficit is largely unknown. Our preliminary studies of schizophrenia are used to support the utility of the joint functional and structural analysis proposed here.

[1]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Selective visual attention. , 1987, Neuropsychologia.

[2]  E. Làdavas,et al.  Is the hemispatial deficit produced by right parietal lobe damage associated with retinal or gravitational coordinates? , 1987, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[3]  R. Khis.  [Pathogenesis of schizophrenia]. , 1969, Vestnik Akademii meditsinskikh nauk SSSR.

[4]  Albrecht W. Inhoff,et al.  Isolating attentional systems: A cognitive-anatomical analysis , 1987, Psychobiology.

[5]  S A Hillyard,et al.  The spatial orienting of attention: sensory facilitation or response bias? , 1987, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[6]  M. Posner.  Cumulative Development of Attentional Theory. , 1982 .

[7]  P E Roland,et al.  Cortical organization of voluntary behavior in man. , 1985, Human neurobiology.

[8]  M. Posner.  Chronometric explorations of mind : the third Paul M. Fitts lectures, delivered at the University of Michigan, September 1976 , 1978 .

[9]  J D Holtzman,et al.  Components of visual attention. Alterations in response pattern to visual stimuli following parietal lobe infarction. , 1986, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[10]  F. Newcombe,et al.  Disorders of space exploration and cognition E. De Renzi. John Wiley, Chichester (1982). 268 pp. , 1982, Neuroscience.

[11]  S. Petersen,et al.  Contributions of the pulvinar to visual spatial attention , 1987, Neuropsychologia.

[12]  M. Posner,et al.  Selective attention and cognitive control , 1987, Trends in Neurosciences.

[13]  C. C. Duncan,et al.  Etiology and expression of schizophrenia: neurobiological and psychosocial factors. , 1986, Annual review of psychology.

[14]  S. Kosslyn.  Image and mind , 1982 .

[15]  G. Claxton.  Cognitive psychology: New directions , 1980 .

[16]  M. Posner,et al.  Orienting of Attention* , 1980, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[17]  Stephen J. Boies,et al.  Components of attention. , 1971 .

[18]  E. Titchener.  Scientific Books: Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention , 1909 .

[19]  Michael I. Posner,et al.  Effects of parietal lesions on visual matching: Implications for reading errors , 1985 .

[20]  M. Posner,et al.  Sustained Concentration: Passive Filtering or Active Orienting? , 2019, Preparatory States & Processes.

[21]  J. Jonides,et al.  On the Cost and Benefit of Cost and Benefit , 1984 .

[22]  James L. McClelland,et al.  An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: part 1.: an account of basic findings , 1988 .

[23]  N. Street,et al.  Office of Naval Research , 2022 .

[24]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. , 1986, Annual review of neuroscience.

[25]  R. E. Morrison,et al.  Manipulation of stimulus onset delay in reading: evidence for parallel programming of saccades. , 1984, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[26]  J. Duncan.  Disorganisation of behaviour after frontal lobe damage , 1986 .

[27]  D. Spalding.  The Principles of Psychology , 1873, Nature.

[28]  M. Posner,et al.  Effects of Divided Attention on Identity and Semantic Priming. , 1987 .

[29]  David A. Taylor.  Time Course of Context Effects. , 1977 .

[30]  M. Raichle,et al.  Left globus pallidus abnormality in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  Howard S. Bashinski,et al.  Enhancement of perceptual sensitivity as the result of selectively attending to spatial locations , 1980, Perception & psychophysics.

[32]  M. Kinsbourne,et al.  Auditory hallucinations and subvocal speech in schizophrenic patients. , 1987, The American journal of psychiatry.

[33]  M. Posner.  A framework for relating cognitive to neural systems. , 1984, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[34]  James L. McClelland,et al.  James L. McClelland, David Rumelhart and the PDP Research Group, Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition . Vol. 1. Foundations . Vol. 2. Psychological and biological models . Cambridge MA: M.I.T. Press, 1987. , 1989, Journal of Child Language.

[35]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1: foundations , 1986 .

[36]  Avishai Henik,et al.  Isolating Representational Systems , 1983 .

[37]  F. J. Friedrich,et al.  Effects of parietal injury on covert orienting of visual attention , 1984 .

[38]  T. Crow.  The pathogenesis of schizophrenia , 1980 .

[39]  F. Crick.  Function of the thalamic reticular complex: the searchlight hypothesis. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[40]  E. Renzi.  Disorders of space exploration and cognition , 1982 .

[41]  W. B. Pillsbury.  Lectures or the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention , 1909 .

[42]  Alexander Pollatsek,et al.  Recognition of visual letter strings following injury to the posterior visual spatial attention system , 1988 .

[43]  James L. McClelland,et al.  An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. , 1981 .

[44]  吴德恒,et al.  经Co , 1964 .

[45]  Drew H. Abney,et al.  Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance Influence of Musical Groove on Postural Sway , 2015 .

[46]  E. Renzi,et al.  Auditory extinction following hemisphere damage , 1984, Neuropsychologia.